پژوهش های روابط بین الملل
بحران اقتصادی آمریکا : از تی پارتی تا اشغال وال استریت
نویسنده
استادیار روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
چکیده
آمریکای بارک اوباما تجربه گر سومین بحران اقتصادی در طول دوران پساکشاورزی است.بحران اقتصادی در زمان ریاست جمهوری کلوور کلیولند سبب ساز به صحنه آمدن جنبش پیشروها بر علیه اقتصاد سرمایه داری انحصاری گشت. بحران اقتصادی دوران هربرت هوور بنیان پنجاه ساله حاکمیت اقتصاد کینزی دولت مداخله گر و بزرگ لیبرال را سمنت کرد. بحران اقتصادی که امروزه آمریکا با آن درگیر است دوسوی طیف سیاسی را به صحنه آورده و فعال ساخته است . محافظه کاران اقتصادی که جایگاه آنان حزب جمهوری است خواهان کاهش مداخله دولت از طریق کاهش مالیات ها هستند تا مکانیزم های اقتصادی سرمایه داری رقابتی فرصت فعالیت داشته باشند. جنبش جشن چای شکل گرفت تا دولت فدرال را در این راستا حرکت دهد.
لیبرالها که کنترل حزب دمکرات را در اختیار دارند خواهان مداخله وسیع تر دولت فدرال در حیات اقتصادی کشور از طریق ارائه بسته های بیشتر محرک اقتصادی و به تبع آن افزایش مالیات ها در بطن استقرار سیستم سرمایه داری سامان دهی شده هستند.
جنبش اشغال وال استریت به صحنه آمده است تا دولت باراک اوباما خط مشی های اقتصادی خود را در این چارچوب حیات دهد. این دو جنبش که مظهر اندیشه های اقتصادی نئوکلاسیک (محافظه کار) و کینزی (لیبرال) می باشند خواهان جایگزینی سیستم اقتصادی سرمایه داری نمی باشند بلکه اصلاح سیستم در چارچوب اصول اقتصادی مورد نظر خود را طلب می کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The United States' economic crisis: From the Tea Party to Occupy Wall Street
نویسنده [English]
- Hossein Daheshiar
Assistant Professor in International Relations at Allameh Tabataba'i University
چکیده [English]
The US under Obama has been experiencing the third financial crisis in the post-agricultural era. Financial crisis during the Grover Cleveland administration led to progressive movement against exclusively capitalist economy. The Great Depression during the presidency of Herbert Hoover had weakened the Keynesian economics and government intervention on the fifty-year basis. The economic crisis facing America has brought both sides of the political spectrum to the scene. Economic conservatives who support the Republican Party are demanding a significant reduction of government intervention through the tax cut in order to create opportunities for the mechanism of competitive capitalist economy. The Tea Party movement was formed to influence the orientation of the federal government.
The liberals, who have controlled the Democratic Party, are calling for greater federal intervention in economic affairs of the country by offering economic stimulus package and, consequently, tax increment within organized capitalist system.
The Occupy Wall Street movement has spread to shape the Obama administration's economic policies in this framework. These two movements, which are the symbol of neoclassical economic (conservative) and Keynesian (liberal) thought, do not want to replace the capitalist economic system, but they are seeking to reform the system in the context of their desired economic principals.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- financial crisis
- neoclassical economics
- Keynesian economics
- the economic stimulus package
- organized capitalism
- the Tea Party movement
- the Occupy Wall Street movement
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