پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

مسئولیت دولت جانشین در سوریه در قبال حمایت خارجی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محمدجواد حیدریان دولت آبادی 1
احسان علی اکبری بابوکانی 2
1 دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 دانشگاه اصفهان
10.22034/irr.2026.538630.2740
چکیده
بحران سوریه از سال ۲۰۱۱ تاکنون به یکی از پیچیده‌ترین منازعات منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی تبدیل شده است که فروپاشی اقتدار مرکزی دولت بشار اسد و ظهور بازیگران غیردولتی و شبه‌دولتی را به دنبال داشته است. در این بستر، حمایت‌های خارجی به ویژه از سوی کشورهای منطقه‌ای مانند ترکیه و اسرائیل، نقش کلیدی در شکل‌دهی و تحولات میدانی داشته است. این مقاله با تمرکز بر دوره پس از سقوط اسد و ظهور دولت جانشین جدید تحت رهبری احمد الشرع (جولانی) در شمال غرب سوریه، به تحلیل حقوقی مسئولیت دولت جانشین در قبال پیامدهای حمایت خارجی از بازیگران غیردولتی می‌پردازد. از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل، اصل استمرار تعهدات دولتی و مسئولیت دولت جانشین در قبال تعهدات و پیامدهای دوران پیشین مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. همچنین، مسئولیت دولت‌های حمایت‌کننده در قالب مفاهیمی چون «کنترل موثر» و «مسئولیت بین‌المللی» بررسی شده و آثار حقوقی اقدامات آنها تحلیل گردیده است. چالش‌های مشروعیت، پذیرش بین‌المللی و تعامل دولت جانشین با بازیگران غیردولتی، همراه با فرصت‌های موجود برای تثبیت و پذیرش مسئولیت‌ها نیز از منظر حقوقی و سیاسی مورد واکاوی قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که دولت جانشین علی‌رغم محدودیت‌های موجود، دارای مسئولیت حقوقی نسبت به پیامدهای حمایت خارجی است و دولت‌های حمایت‌کننده نیز مسئولیت مستقیمی در قبال اقدامات بازیگران نیابتی دارند. مطالعه با روش تحلیلی-توصیفی، بر اساس منابع حقوقی بین‌المللی، اسناد سازمان ملل و تحلیل موردی سوریه پس از سقوط اسد، گامی مؤثر در فهم پیچیدگی‌های مسئولیت دولت جانشین و حمایت خارجی در منازعات مسلحانه معاصر برداشته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
دولت جانشین
حمایت خارجی
سوریه
ترکیه
اسرائیل

عنوان مقاله English

The Responsibility of the Successor State in Syria Regarding Foreign Support

نویسندگان English

mohammadjavad heydariandolatabadi 1
Ehsan Aliakbari Babukani 2
1 khu
2 UI
چکیده English

Since 2011, Syrian crisis has evolved into one of most complex regional and international conflicts, marked by the collapse of central authority of Assad regime and the emergence of non-state and quasi-state actors. In this context, foreign support particularly from regional powers such as Turkey and Israel has played a pivotal role in shaping battlefield dynamics and political developments. This paper focuses on the post-Assad period and the rise of a new successor state under leadership of Ahmad al-Shar’a (Joulani) in northwestern Syria, offering a legal analysis of the successor state’s responsibility for consequences of prior foreign support to non-state actors. From the perspective of international law, study examines the principles of continuity of state obligations and the responsibility of successor states regarding past commitments and their effects. The article also explores responsibility of supporting states through lenses of concepts such as effective control and international responsibility, analyzing the legal implications of their actions. It further assesses the challenges related to legitimacy, international recognition, and successor state’s engagement with non-state actors, as well as the opportunities for consolidating authority and assuming responsibility. Findings indicate that, despite existing constraints, successor state bears legal responsibility for the consequences of foreign-backed interventions, and that supporting states also hold direct accountability for actions of their proxy groups. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical method, drawing upon international legal sources, United Nations documents, and a case-based examination of post-Assad Syria, contributing meaningfully to the understanding of successor state responsibility and foreign support in modern armed conflicts.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Successor State
Foreign Support
Syria
Turkey
Israel
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