The Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Perspectives and Challenges of Indian Soft Power in the Light of Democracy and Economic DevelopmentPerspectives and Challenges of Indian Soft Power in the Light of Democracy and Economic Development73412735110.22034/irr.2021.127351FAKhosroDehghaniPh.D. Student, International Relations, University of IsfahanMohammad AliBasiriAssociate Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science, University of Isfahan0000-0001-5186-0682EnayatollahYazdaniAssociate Professor of International Relations
Department of Political Science
University of Isfahan0000-0001-8087-3431Journal Article20191114The importance of soft power as an inevitable complement to hard power has been the focus of attention in recent decades in all countries, especially the great and emerging powers. India stands out among emerging powers with unique political values such as Mahatma Gandhi's spiritual heritage, a relatively dynamic civil society, the title of the world's largest democracy, rapid economic development and enormous cultural diversity. Despite India's access to these resources, China is currently the most serious alternative to the Western development model, despite lacking a democratic system. Reviewing the above propositions, the question arises that what bottlenecks and problems has India faced in maximizing the use of its soft power resources? In answer to this question, the paper hypothesizes that India realized soft power more late than its rivals, and that challenges such as poor governance, relative inefficiency of public services, poverty, corruption, and lack of Primary infrastructure has prevented the maximization of India's soft power. The method used in this article is descriptive-analytical and library, documentary and internet resources tools have been used to collect data.The importance of soft power as an inevitable complement to hard power has been the focus of attention in recent decades in all countries, especially the great and emerging powers. India stands out among emerging powers with unique political values such as Mahatma Gandhi's spiritual heritage, a relatively dynamic civil society, the title of the world's largest democracy, rapid economic development and enormous cultural diversity. Despite India's access to these resources, China is currently the most serious alternative to the Western development model, despite lacking a democratic system. Reviewing the above propositions, the question arises that what bottlenecks and problems has India faced in maximizing the use of its soft power resources? In answer to this question, the paper hypothesizes that India realized soft power more late than its rivals, and that challenges such as poor governance, relative inefficiency of public services, poverty, corruption, and lack of Primary infrastructure has prevented the maximization of India's soft power. The method used in this article is descriptive-analytical and library, documentary and internet resources tools have been used to collect data.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_127351_7b4c5685cbd2d0e0c3cd379d0a7fbb05.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Expounding the Pattern of Peace Establishment in Europe After the Second World WarExpounding the Pattern of Peace Establishment in Europe After the Second World War356913080410.22034/irr.2021.130804FAMahdiKarimiAsian Cultural Documentation Center for UNESCO, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201026Europe has witnessed a brilliant era after the second World War; an era which is characterized with peace, development and changes in the state function. Today, Europe has reached to a level of peace and integration that other regions of the world see this region as a pattern and typical example, and try to benefit from the EU experiences. Hence, investigation of this experience can be an effective step in exploring the pattern of peace building in regional level with the promise that the world witness more peaceful regions around the world which can pave the way for living in a more peaceful world. This article using descriptive-analytic method discussed three issues: first: war, and its negative consequences, threat, the necessity of security, the role of peace in development and ideas are among the most important factors in the causes of the establishment of peace in EU region; second: the process of peace establishment in EU region has followed the following stages: the formation of peace idea; flourish of peace idea; intention to build peace and establishment of peace; flourish of settled peace and keep and dynamize peace; third: European peace is the result of regional integration which is caused new regional identity and regional security complex to be formed.Europe has witnessed a brilliant era after the second World War; an era which is characterized with peace, development and changes in the state function. Today, Europe has reached to a level of peace and integration that other regions of the world see this region as a pattern and typical example, and try to benefit from the EU experiences. Hence, investigation of this experience can be an effective step in exploring the pattern of peace building in regional level with the promise that the world witness more peaceful regions around the world which can pave the way for living in a more peaceful world. This article using descriptive-analytic method discussed three issues: first: war, and its negative consequences, threat, the necessity of security, the role of peace in development and ideas are among the most important factors in the causes of the establishment of peace in EU region; second: the process of peace establishment in EU region has followed the following stages: the formation of peace idea; flourish of peace idea; intention to build peace and establishment of peace; flourish of settled peace and keep and dynamize peace; third: European peace is the result of regional integration which is caused new regional identity and regional security complex to be formed.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_130804_96720bacdf1f9667b9529fff98156116.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Israel's political and security strategy towards the Syrian crisisIsrael's political and security strategy towards the Syrian crisis7110213082510.22034/irr.2021.130825FAEhsanTaghi Zadeh SalariMehdiZakerian AmiriDepartment of International Relations, College of Law and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran.KayhanBarzegarDepartment of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, science and research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, IranDavoodHermidas BavandDepartment of Environmental Law, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200710In one of the bloodiest events in the Middle East, Syria and the region have been embroiled in a severe crisis since 2011.In the meantime, each of the regional actors or supra-regional powers in accordance with their weight and position, as well as in proportion to their interests and considerations In this crisis, they have intervened, created a role, or at least declared a position, But Israel, as a regional actor and an occupying neighbor for Syria, has not reacted clearly in a dusty atmosphere And it has refused to play a direct role in this crisis. <br />This article seeks to examine Israel's political and security strategy in the face of the Syrian crisis, Identify the reasons and factors influencing this policy and study the strategies and tactics adopted by this regime. To examine this issue, the theory of defensive realism has been considered as a theoretical framework And used explanatory-analytical method to test the hypothesis And Taking notes, library and Internet documents and resources, and existing correspondence, this hypothesis has been proven that By employing strategic rationality, Israel's strategy is a Expectations, good neighborly policies, changing land occupation tactics to expand buffer zones, Unwritten coalition against Iran, And a limited and local response to the violation of its red lines in order to maintain the security of its citizens and its national interests.In one of the bloodiest events in the Middle East, Syria and the region have been embroiled in a severe crisis since 2011.In the meantime, each of the regional actors or supra-regional powers in accordance with their weight and position, as well as in proportion to their interests and considerations In this crisis, they have intervened, created a role, or at least declared a position, But Israel, as a regional actor and an occupying neighbor for Syria, has not reacted clearly in a dusty atmosphere And it has refused to play a direct role in this crisis. <br />This article seeks to examine Israel's political and security strategy in the face of the Syrian crisis, Identify the reasons and factors influencing this policy and study the strategies and tactics adopted by this regime. To examine this issue, the theory of defensive realism has been considered as a theoretical framework And used explanatory-analytical method to test the hypothesis And Taking notes, library and Internet documents and resources, and existing correspondence, this hypothesis has been proven that By employing strategic rationality, Israel's strategy is a Expectations, good neighborly policies, changing land occupation tactics to expand buffer zones, Unwritten coalition against Iran, And a limited and local response to the violation of its red lines in order to maintain the security of its citizens and its national interests.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_130825_232cb851727762bbf7dd097da3bcd354.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321The United Kingdom-United States Mutual Understanding of the Importance of the Special Relationship:
From Nationalization of the Iranian Oil Industry to the JCPOAThe United Kingdom-United States Mutual Understanding of the Importance of the Special Relationship:
From Nationalization of the Iranian Oil Industry to the JCPOA10313213093110.22034/irr.2021.130931FASamMohammadpourPh.D. Candidate at the Department of British Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8790-9262Mohammad RezaSaeid AbadiAssociated Professor at the Department of European Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201120The term ‘special relationship’ is used to describe the United Kingdom–United States relations and their extensive economic, military, and diplomatic cooperation since World War II. The nationalization of the Iranian oil industry is one of the first, and the JCPOA nuclear deal is one of the most important issues Britain and the United States have faced since establishing the special relationship; events that can be studied for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. In this regard, the central question of the present study was how the United Kingdom and the United States have sought to maintain and boost the special relationship, even in a situation of conflict of interest. In response to this question, and using the documentary method and studying the two strategic allies’ relations during the nationalization of Iranian oil and the JCPOA in the theoretical framework of the alliance theory, the main hypothesis was that the United States' support for British anti-Iranian policies during the nationalization of Iranian oil, and reciprocally, lack of serious British opposition to the United States’ withdrawal from the JCPOA, showed that there is nothing more special and important than a special relationship in both the British and American foreign policies.The term ‘special relationship’ is used to describe the United Kingdom–United States relations and their extensive economic, military, and diplomatic cooperation since World War II. The nationalization of the Iranian oil industry is one of the first, and the JCPOA nuclear deal is one of the most important issues Britain and the United States have faced since establishing the special relationship; events that can be studied for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. In this regard, the central question of the present study was how the United Kingdom and the United States have sought to maintain and boost the special relationship, even in a situation of conflict of interest. In response to this question, and using the documentary method and studying the two strategic allies’ relations during the nationalization of Iranian oil and the JCPOA in the theoretical framework of the alliance theory, the main hypothesis was that the United States' support for British anti-Iranian policies during the nationalization of Iranian oil, and reciprocally, lack of serious British opposition to the United States’ withdrawal from the JCPOA, showed that there is nothing more special and important than a special relationship in both the British and American foreign policies.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_130931_f300f7a0c31e992a872dd5061a567b0e.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Political psychology of terrorism: role of visibility, context and personal environment in the spread of terrorismPolitical psychology of terrorism: role of visibility, context and personal environment in the spread of terrorism13316013321810.22034/irr.2021.133218FARezaEltiaminiaAssistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Yasouj UniversityJournal Article20210417Terrorism Is A Purposeful And Intentional Decision That Is Used By Some Of People And Government To Spread Of Especial Violence To Advance Their Political Goals. This Goals Includes Ideological, Religious, Socials, Economical and Nationalistic Goals. This study analysis the political and psychological roots of terrorists behavior and try to explain the Mental and spiritual process of people and groups in order to understand what made them to do violence. In this way, we study subjects such as terrorism psychology including Inclination to the fame, power, revenge, social situations and philosophical roots of committing terrorist behaviors. Method of this research descriptive and analytical method. Findings of research show that real environment is observable by cultural strainer, theories structure, past experiences and technics. Different cultures have environmental different perception. It is clear that in all cultures, environmental perception has fundamental role in personal decision. In this situation, when someone use religious spurious perception (understand), it erases any distinction among the civil and militaries, innocent or sinner in the minds of terrorists of religious motives. In the mind of many terrorists with religious spurious motives, anyone is not co-religious and co-believe to terrorists is supposed terrorist and deserve death.Terrorism Is A Purposeful And Intentional Decision That Is Used By Some Of People And Government To Spread Of Especial Violence To Advance Their Political Goals. This Goals Includes Ideological, Religious, Socials, Economical and Nationalistic Goals. This study analysis the political and psychological roots of terrorists behavior and try to explain the Mental and spiritual process of people and groups in order to understand what made them to do violence. In this way, we study subjects such as terrorism psychology including Inclination to the fame, power, revenge, social situations and philosophical roots of committing terrorist behaviors. Method of this research descriptive and analytical method. Findings of research show that real environment is observable by cultural strainer, theories structure, past experiences and technics. Different cultures have environmental different perception. It is clear that in all cultures, environmental perception has fundamental role in personal decision. In this situation, when someone use religious spurious perception (understand), it erases any distinction among the civil and militaries, innocent or sinner in the minds of terrorists of religious motives. In the mind of many terrorists with religious spurious motives, anyone is not co-religious and co-believe to terrorists is supposed terrorist and deserve death.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_133218_7ebe6d2cfc2fd4ce9a02b36cbe9cb0c7.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Motives for concluding international treaties in the light of international political economyMotives for concluding international treaties in the light of international political economy16118813096610.22034/irr.2021.130966FAFaridSoltanghesDepartment of Public International Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAlirezaZaheriDepartment of International Law Faculty of Law Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch. Tehran.IranMojtabaGhasemiDepartment of Economic Law, Faculty of Law , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran . Iran Islamic Azad University ,Central Tehran BranchJournal Article20201109Incentives in conclusion of International treaties in light of International Political Economy (From Westphalia to now)<br />After the Thirty Years' War in Europe, International treaties were concluded mainly with economic approaches and with the aim of gaining economic benefits. Post-Westphalian treaties, including Treaty of Utrecht, French -US Amity &Trade Agreement, Treaties between Vienna Congress and World War I and Treaty of Versailles are economically motivated treaties those concluded with economic motives. After World War II, financial, monetary, economic, and trade treaties for economic purposes led to the establishment of powerful international organizations that are still present in the international community and become basis for other Treaties. This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach and with a historical perspective and considering the main schools of international political economy, seeks to prove the hypothesis that economic motivation has been the main basis for concluding international treaties in the past and present. Key words: International Treaties, International Political Economy, Westphalia , Economy and Law.Incentives in conclusion of International treaties in light of International Political Economy (From Westphalia to now)<br />After the Thirty Years' War in Europe, International treaties were concluded mainly with economic approaches and with the aim of gaining economic benefits. Post-Westphalian treaties, including Treaty of Utrecht, French -US Amity &Trade Agreement, Treaties between Vienna Congress and World War I and Treaty of Versailles are economically motivated treaties those concluded with economic motives. After World War II, financial, monetary, economic, and trade treaties for economic purposes led to the establishment of powerful international organizations that are still present in the international community and become basis for other Treaties. This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach and with a historical perspective and considering the main schools of international political economy, seeks to prove the hypothesis that economic motivation has been the main basis for concluding international treaties in the past and present. Key words: International Treaties, International Political Economy, Westphalia , Economy and Law.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_130966_8d863a559ac2d9fba0dfa98649e55637.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321The third wave of the technological revolution, economic neomercantilism and abstract justiceThe third wave of the technological revolution, economic neomercantilism and abstract justice18921813237010.22034/irr.2021.132370FAAli AsgharMousapasandiFaculty of Political Sciences Islamic Azad University of Chalus, Mazandaran IranKamalPouladiAssistant Professor, Islamic Azad University of ChalusJournal Article20200815The waves of the industrial revolution always influence the formation of world economy and politics. The changes of production and economic goods in the era of the third wave of the industrial revolution has led to the emergence of network society, virtual reality and information economy. The information economy has intensified the economic divide of Third World countries. The third wave of the technological revolution has caused the formation of new political and economic contradictions and the emergence of signs of abstract justice in the political world.<br />In each era, a particular form of economic justice comes to the attention of actors and theorists. The second wave of the Industrial Revolution led to the emergence of socialist ideas in Europe. Whenever new waves of technological revolution arise, not only class divisions but also signs of strategic contradictions between countries emerge. The third wave has resulted in changes in status and how economic capabilities are distributed, leading to more inequality in countries and created new conflicts.<br />The main question of the article is: "What effect has the third wave of the technological revolution had on the equation of justice and security in world politics?" The paper hypothesizes that "the third wave of the technological revolution has led to the spread of economic inequality, the emergence of neomercantilist security formations, and the idea of abstract justice." Manuel Castells' "Network Society and Information Economy Approach" is used to explain the article. The methodologies of "data analysis" and "content analysis" are also utilized.The waves of the industrial revolution always influence the formation of world economy and politics. The changes of production and economic goods in the era of the third wave of the industrial revolution has led to the emergence of network society, virtual reality and information economy. The information economy has intensified the economic divide of Third World countries. The third wave of the technological revolution has caused the formation of new political and economic contradictions and the emergence of signs of abstract justice in the political world.<br />In each era, a particular form of economic justice comes to the attention of actors and theorists. The second wave of the Industrial Revolution led to the emergence of socialist ideas in Europe. Whenever new waves of technological revolution arise, not only class divisions but also signs of strategic contradictions between countries emerge. The third wave has resulted in changes in status and how economic capabilities are distributed, leading to more inequality in countries and created new conflicts.<br />The main question of the article is: "What effect has the third wave of the technological revolution had on the equation of justice and security in world politics?" The paper hypothesizes that "the third wave of the technological revolution has led to the spread of economic inequality, the emergence of neomercantilist security formations, and the idea of abstract justice." Manuel Castells' "Network Society and Information Economy Approach" is used to explain the article. The methodologies of "data analysis" and "content analysis" are also utilized.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_132370_2decaac64623cf599d34730228d178e5.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Evolution of the concept of human security in the light of environmental rulesEvolution of the concept of human security in the light of environmental rules21924913687910.22034/irr.2021.290469.1984FAHadiMasoudifarDepartment of Law, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.AlirezaArashpourDepartment of Law, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran. Department of Law, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranMasoudRaeiDepartment of Law, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, IranJournal Article20210613Due to cultural, economic, political, and social development of international relationships between the countries around the world, and increased need of human societies for more and more enjoyment of natural resources in developing economic infrastructures, a new threat to the survival of human benefits has emerged which generated a need for a new approach to the promotion of national security concept from having a mere military dimension to have also an environmental dimension. For the same reason, first we need to explain the transition from national security concept to environmental security concept and through the process assess the realization of human security concept. Therefore, while studying human security concept, the present research which was carried out by inductive reasoning and library studies, reviewed the role of assessing environmental consequences of realization of a sustainable human security and, how to approach to climate changes. Also, it was determined that the recognition of precautionary principle in international environmental law could play a significant role in guaranteeing human security.Due to cultural, economic, political, and social development of international relationships between the countries around the world, and increased need of human societies for more and more enjoyment of natural resources in developing economic infrastructures, a new threat to the survival of human benefits has emerged which generated a need for a new approach to the promotion of national security concept from having a mere military dimension to have also an environmental dimension. For the same reason, first we need to explain the transition from national security concept to environmental security concept and through the process assess the realization of human security concept. Therefore, while studying human security concept, the present research which was carried out by inductive reasoning and library studies, reviewed the role of assessing environmental consequences of realization of a sustainable human security and, how to approach to climate changes. Also, it was determined that the recognition of precautionary principle in international environmental law could play a significant role in guaranteeing human security.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_136879_fd2f2f9307320d846626d7434b20ce41.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Governance and policy in response to the water resources crisis in the Islamic Republic of IranGovernance and policy in response to the water resources crisis in the Islamic Republic of Iran24927013432210.22034/irr.2021.134322FARezaBagheriPhD Student in Political Science, Department of Public Policy, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranParvizAhadiAssistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranAlirezaEsmaeilzadAssistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20201109The existence of water crisis in our country is a fact and various domestic and foreign sources and authorities, while proving the problem, are trying to provide solutions to get out of this problem. Drying of lakes, rivers and wetlands, declining groundwater levels, land subsidence, water quality degradation, soil erosion, desertification and dust storms are objective manifestations of the water crisis in Iran. In the meantime, the attitude of the legislators to solve the water crisis has led to the adoption of laws such as the Law on Conservation and Protection of Groundwater Resources, the Law on Water and its Nationalization, the Law on Fair Distribution of Water; However, in general, they have not been able to reduce or eliminate the water crisis, and the situation is as in the past, but even more intense. In the meantime, the present study uses a descriptive method and library resources with a view to the perspective of political economy, with a simple approach to issues such as policy-making, institutionalism as a model for discovering the inefficiencies of laws. The past and the redefinition of the relationship between the institutions involved in water management through the enactment of a new law and the presentation of proposals in line with national interests will reduce the water crisis in Iran.The existence of water crisis in our country is a fact and various domestic and foreign sources and authorities, while proving the problem, are trying to provide solutions to get out of this problem. Drying of lakes, rivers and wetlands, declining groundwater levels, land subsidence, water quality degradation, soil erosion, desertification and dust storms are objective manifestations of the water crisis in Iran. In the meantime, the attitude of the legislators to solve the water crisis has led to the adoption of laws such as the Law on Conservation and Protection of Groundwater Resources, the Law on Water and its Nationalization, the Law on Fair Distribution of Water; However, in general, they have not been able to reduce or eliminate the water crisis, and the situation is as in the past, but even more intense. In the meantime, the present study uses a descriptive method and library resources with a view to the perspective of political economy, with a simple approach to issues such as policy-making, institutionalism as a model for discovering the inefficiencies of laws. The past and the redefinition of the relationship between the institutions involved in water management through the enactment of a new law and the presentation of proposals in line with national interests will reduce the water crisis in Iran.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_134322_0274159d77304d423b87621f013e5961.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321The effect of perception and misperception on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: a case study of the relationship between Iran and the United States (1376-1399).The effect of perception and misperception on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: a case study of the relationship between Iran and the United States (1376-1399).27129913096910.22034/irr.2021.130969FARezaRastegarpourPhD student of International Relations, Department of International Relations, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHasanShafieeVisiting Professor, Department of International Relations, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.محمدرضادهشیریVisiting Professor, Department of International Relations, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8223-3358Journal Article20210411Iran-US relations, which before the Revolution of 1979 were considered strategic allies in the region, have always faced various challenges over the past four decades, and today they have become fierce enemies. Ideological conflicts, the question of Palestine, completely different rivalries and regional policies, and the escalation of these differences into proxy wars, have pitted the two countries against each other in a dangerous way. However, despite the deep differences, some of which were mentioned, at certain times, we have seen a reduction in tensions or limited cooperation between the two countries on some regional issues. The author believes that part of the reason for the fluctuations in reducing or increasing tensions in relations between the two countries should be sought in the process of perception and misperception of leaders and decision makers. A process whose place of study is in the field of political psychology. Based on Robert Jarvis' cognitive theory, this article seeks to answer the question of the different personalities and patterns of behavior of the heads of the above governments by assuming the radical and aggressive positions of the Ahmadinejad government and comparing it with the peaceful policies of the Khatami and Rouhani governments in foreign policy. To what extent has it led to perceptions and misperception in the relations between the two countries and what have been the effects and consequences?Iran-US relations, which before the Revolution of 1979 were considered strategic allies in the region, have always faced various challenges over the past four decades, and today they have become fierce enemies. Ideological conflicts, the question of Palestine, completely different rivalries and regional policies, and the escalation of these differences into proxy wars, have pitted the two countries against each other in a dangerous way. However, despite the deep differences, some of which were mentioned, at certain times, we have seen a reduction in tensions or limited cooperation between the two countries on some regional issues. The author believes that part of the reason for the fluctuations in reducing or increasing tensions in relations between the two countries should be sought in the process of perception and misperception of leaders and decision makers. A process whose place of study is in the field of political psychology. Based on Robert Jarvis' cognitive theory, this article seeks to answer the question of the different personalities and patterns of behavior of the heads of the above governments by assuming the radical and aggressive positions of the Ahmadinejad government and comparing it with the peaceful policies of the Khatami and Rouhani governments in foreign policy. To what extent has it led to perceptions and misperception in the relations between the two countries and what have been the effects and consequences?https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_130969_a680cf6f85bfe74e013a204aae629d32.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321The spread of Islam in Tabarestan based on the approach of the early Islamic centuries and the Arab uprisingsThe spread of Islam in Tabarestan based on the approach of the early Islamic centuries and the Arab uprisings30132315136710.22034/irr.2022.345148.2192FAHadiSarafraziDepartment of Persian Language and Literature, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, IranHasanBassakAssociate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Mashhad, IranMohammad HoseinKhosravanAssistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Mashhad Branch of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20220531The Arab invasion of Iran is one of the most important events that occurred in the ancient country of Iran. The Arabs were able to achieve unity and unity in the shadow of the new religion and the orders of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). In 622 AD, one problem after another was solved and a powerful group was formed based on the religion of Islam. ،. Iran was defeated by the three small Arab armies during the three battles of Jalalada, Nahavand, and Qadisiyah, and as a result, the Iranians fell from captivity to servitude. Eventually, the Arab armies conquered the northern regions of Iran and Tabarestan, which, of course, were very difficult for the Arabs to conquer due to the climate and the way of view of its people, especially the uprisings that took place in these areas in the early Islamic centuries. , Including the uprising of Maziar Ibn Qarn, which was the confrontation of the people of Mazandaran and the northern regions of Iran against the Arabs, in order to preserve the national identity and the ancient heritage of our ancestors. To this day, however, the people's view of the Arab conquest of Iran has been such that, with the arrival of Arab troops on Iranian soil, the people have at once accepted and embraced this religion and belief.The Arab invasion of Iran is one of the most important events that occurred in the ancient country of Iran. The Arabs were able to achieve unity and unity in the shadow of the new religion and the orders of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). In 622 AD, one problem after another was solved and a powerful group was formed based on the religion of Islam. ،. Iran was defeated by the three small Arab armies during the three battles of Jalalada, Nahavand, and Qadisiyah, and as a result, the Iranians fell from captivity to servitude. Eventually, the Arab armies conquered the northern regions of Iran and Tabarestan, which, of course, were very difficult for the Arabs to conquer due to the climate and the way of view of its people, especially the uprisings that took place in these areas in the early Islamic centuries. , Including the uprising of Maziar Ibn Qarn, which was the confrontation of the people of Mazandaran and the northern regions of Iran against the Arabs, in order to preserve the national identity and the ancient heritage of our ancestors. To this day, however, the people's view of the Arab conquest of Iran has been such that, with the arrival of Arab troops on Iranian soil, the people have at once accepted and embraced this religion and belief.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_151367_ac1f9837ec9591ff8d52b6e68aeb407d.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Extracting the educational model of Shahid Soleimani in the political and military arena based on the method of content analysisExtracting the educational model of Shahid Soleimani in the political and military arena based on the method of content analysis32534315137210.22034/irr.2022.346583.2203FAFatemehShams Al-Dini MotlaghPhD student in Philosophy of Education, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.HamdollahManzari TavakoliAssistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.AlirezaManzari TavakoliAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.ZahraZainaddini MeymandAssistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.Journal Article20220610Education is considered as one of the main mission of the divine prophets and the mission of the first divine religions, which is part of the process of creation and provides the continuity of human life. If the right education is formed in the person, that person will be influential in all areas of individual, social, political and various life and relationships. Martyr Soleimani was one of the prominent personalities who was influenced by the school of Islam and was distinguished in the Valley of Education by following the Holy Quran and the biography of the Infallibles (peace be upon them). The study of his life and behavior can be a model in the field of education, politics and international relations. This research has been done by content analysis and by referring to the existing content of the life and personality of Martyr Soleimani, his educational characteristics and performance in the field of politics and international relations have been examined. The results show that the characteristics of Martyr Soleimani in the field of education are: monotheism, faith and belief in the one God, sincerity and spirituality, love of Islam, simplicity of life, love of the Ahl al-Bayt and guardianship, secularism and dislike of it And in the field of politics and international relations, distinctive features such as: anti-arrogance, defense of the oppressed, independence from party and faction, rationality, social justice, global popularity, resistance and focus on valuable goals, are prominent features. This is a great martyr.Education is considered as one of the main mission of the divine prophets and the mission of the first divine religions, which is part of the process of creation and provides the continuity of human life. If the right education is formed in the person, that person will be influential in all areas of individual, social, political and various life and relationships. Martyr Soleimani was one of the prominent personalities who was influenced by the school of Islam and was distinguished in the Valley of Education by following the Holy Quran and the biography of the Infallibles (peace be upon them). The study of his life and behavior can be a model in the field of education, politics and international relations. This research has been done by content analysis and by referring to the existing content of the life and personality of Martyr Soleimani, his educational characteristics and performance in the field of politics and international relations have been examined. The results show that the characteristics of Martyr Soleimani in the field of education are: monotheism, faith and belief in the one God, sincerity and spirituality, love of Islam, simplicity of life, love of the Ahl al-Bayt and guardianship, secularism and dislike of it And in the field of politics and international relations, distinctive features such as: anti-arrogance, defense of the oppressed, independence from party and faction, rationality, social justice, global popularity, resistance and focus on valuable goals, are prominent features. This is a great martyr.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_151372_dcf358b814525b9a7df0baa67d2db85f.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321Investigating the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of attracting and maintaining elites and top talentsInvestigating the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of attracting and maintaining elites and top talents34536916348910.22034/irr.2021.163489FARamazanSHarifiPhD student in political science/public policy, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, IranMalekZolgadrAssistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran (corresponding author)FarshidJafariAssistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, IranJournal Article20221222Considering the importance, role and status of elites in the development and excellence of countries, especially in the field of science, art and technology production, managing elites is essential. In this regard, the country's strategic document on the affairs of elites, based on Islamic principles and values, has been approved in order to correctly identify the country's problems, conditions and possibilities, strategies and macro measures to provide the fields of "elitistology", "elite" To explain "cultivation", "elite selection" and "elite recruitment" in order to achieve the goals of the strategic document. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of attracting and employing elites in executive bodies, which was implemented using the approach based on systematic review. In this research, to analyze the information obtained from the systematic review with a qualitative approach, 12 indicators have been designed and applied separately for each research; Therefore, in total, with twelve indicators, the analysis of the information of each research has been extracted in a targeted manner. Based on the review of the selected studies, the role of the National Elite Foundation can be divided into three main areas that form the focus of the recruitment and retention process: identification, support and empowerment, and recruitment and retentionConsidering the importance, role and status of elites in the development and excellence of countries, especially in the field of science, art and technology production, managing elites is essential. In this regard, the country's strategic document on the affairs of elites, based on Islamic principles and values, has been approved in order to correctly identify the country's problems, conditions and possibilities, strategies and macro measures to provide the fields of "elitistology", "elite" To explain "cultivation", "elite selection" and "elite recruitment" in order to achieve the goals of the strategic document. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of attracting and employing elites in executive bodies, which was implemented using the approach based on systematic review. In this research, to analyze the information obtained from the systematic review with a qualitative approach, 12 indicators have been designed and applied separately for each research; Therefore, in total, with twelve indicators, the analysis of the information of each research has been extracted in a targeted manner. Based on the review of the selected studies, the role of the National Elite Foundation can be divided into three main areas that form the focus of the recruitment and retention process: identification, support and empowerment, and recruitment and retentionhttps://www.iisajournals.ir/article_163489_09ed7b55c3e369f9385ef18e58c63034.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411120210321The role of Swiss merchants in the foreign trade of Iranian carpets in the Qajar eraThe role of Swiss merchants in the foreign trade of Iranian carpets in the Qajar era37139819208910.22034/irr.2023.401799.2395FARezaFazeliPhD student, Department of History, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.RezaShabani Samg AbadiProfessor of History Department, Research Sciences Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSinaForozeshAssociate Professor of History Department, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230611The establishment of political relations between Iran and Switzerland in the specific sense of the word goes back to the Qajar era, in such a way that at the end of the Qajar era in 1919, the Iranian embassy was opened in Bern, Switzerland. The volume of diplomatic relations between the two countries increased. But before the political relations, there were commercial relations, as the publication of the travelogues of Jean Chardin and other travelers in Europe and the introduction of the fantastic and magnificent life of the Safavid era encouraged Europeans to travel to the legendary Orient. The export of all kinds of woven fabrics and cashmere and carpets had many buyers among the European properties. During the golden era of Queen Victoria, merchants sent the luxurious Farahan carpets to Europe through Islambol. In addition to the artistic effect, these carpets were also the credit of European capitalists, and aristocratic families were proud to have one of them. which played an important role in the export and sale of carpets in Iran, we will discuss different angles of these relationships and the effects they had on political issues.The establishment of political relations between Iran and Switzerland in the specific sense of the word goes back to the Qajar era, in such a way that at the end of the Qajar era in 1919, the Iranian embassy was opened in Bern, Switzerland. The volume of diplomatic relations between the two countries increased. But before the political relations, there were commercial relations, as the publication of the travelogues of Jean Chardin and other travelers in Europe and the introduction of the fantastic and magnificent life of the Safavid era encouraged Europeans to travel to the legendary Orient. The export of all kinds of woven fabrics and cashmere and carpets had many buyers among the European properties. During the golden era of Queen Victoria, merchants sent the luxurious Farahan carpets to Europe through Islambol. In addition to the artistic effect, these carpets were also the credit of European capitalists, and aristocratic families were proud to have one of them. which played an important role in the export and sale of carpets in Iran, we will discuss different angles of these relationships and the effects they had on political issues.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_192089_d890f143074e12afbee595ed418fdb75.pdf