The Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220The Impact of Conflicts and Political Challenges of Coastal Countries on the Caspian Sea Environment (1991-2017).The Impact of Conflicts and Political Challenges of Coastal Countries on the Caspian Sea Environment (1991-2017).72814426610.22034/irr.2022.144266FAArdeshirPOrnematnodehiPhD student in International Relations, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran.Tehran.Iran.RezaSimbarPolitical Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran0000-0001-5111-1075ElaheKolaeiSeyed Mohamad KazemSajad PourProfessor of political science, Faculty of International Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Journal Article20220203..https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_144266_c9d30f6f07bacbd8b099ff5112839a72.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220Trauma; Conflict and Reconfiguration in AfghanistanTrauma; Conflict and Reconfiguration in Afghanistan255614426810.22034/irr.2022.144268FASomayeMorovatiDirector of South and East Asian group studiesHamidAhmadiProfessor and faculty member of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran0000-0001-5111-1075MehdiZakerianDepartment of International Relations, College of Law and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-4719-6691Journal Article20220203The enduring war and conflict in Afghanistan and its endless years have raised many questions over the past 40 years and various answers have been given to the researcher. The most inefficient are the existence of inefficient government, the weakness of the security forces, the ability of extremist groups, the existence of safe havens, illegal trade, and such. In the meantime, the weakness of the government has been the basis of most research and the study of the effects of the war on the Afghan people has been neglected. Research shows that continuous exposure to naked violence will increase the level of violence in the individual. Achieving peace and stability will be difficult and unlikely, however, if one observes and uses violence in a 'normal' society and transforms identity norms. Thus, the paper argues that the solution to the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan is to strengthen the government, establish order, and also focus on the level of internalized violence in the various social layers in the country. This is what is referred to as "trauma" and "trauma states"The enduring war and conflict in Afghanistan and its endless years have raised many questions over the past 40 years and various answers have been given to the researcher. The most inefficient are the existence of inefficient government, the weakness of the security forces, the ability of extremist groups, the existence of safe havens, illegal trade, and such. In the meantime, the weakness of the government has been the basis of most research and the study of the effects of the war on the Afghan people has been neglected. Research shows that continuous exposure to naked violence will increase the level of violence in the individual. Achieving peace and stability will be difficult and unlikely, however, if one observes and uses violence in a 'normal' society and transforms identity norms. Thus, the paper argues that the solution to the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan is to strengthen the government, establish order, and also focus on the level of internalized violence in the various social layers in the country. This is what is referred to as "trauma" and "trauma states"https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_144268_31a8aaa2f07f6a47b4ea4555ca59fa99.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220Russia's Foreign Policy in Syria from the Perspective of Smart PowerRussia's Foreign Policy in Syria from the Perspective of Smart Power578514426910.22034/irr.2022.144269FAEhsanJafarifarPhD Student in International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, IranHabibolahAbolhasan ShiraziAssociate Professor, Faculty of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran0009-0005-3757-8492Journal Article20220203The emergence of the Syrian crisis means that Syria has become the center of confrontation between regional and supra-regional powers. Syria's geopolitical and strategic position has made it almost at the center of the conflict between the powerful countries and it has become a testing ground. Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, as well as Russia, the United States and Europe are playing a role in this crisis. Given the coexisting, conflicting and parallel interests of the actors, each of them seeks to expand their influence and gain maximum points. This descriptive-analytical article seeks to answer the question: What are the main strategies of Russian foreign policy in Syria from the perspective of smart power? In answer to this question, the hypothesis of the article states that based on the combined nature (soft power and hard power) in the smart power model, although the software dimensions of Russian power in the peripheral field have been seriously challenged, but the focal point of this country's smart power is based It is hard on power. Therefore, Russia's foreign policy is a combination of tough policies including the use of military power and supporting the role of actors such as Iran and Turkey on the one hand and soft policies including countering Western discourse, defending Assad and vetoing resolutions, maintaining balance between actors to manage etc. In this regard, Russia's intelligent power tried to make the most of the crisis and the period of Assad's stability at the lowest cost.The emergence of the Syrian crisis means that Syria has become the center of confrontation between regional and supra-regional powers. Syria's geopolitical and strategic position has made it almost at the center of the conflict between the powerful countries and it has become a testing ground. Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, as well as Russia, the United States and Europe are playing a role in this crisis. Given the coexisting, conflicting and parallel interests of the actors, each of them seeks to expand their influence and gain maximum points. This descriptive-analytical article seeks to answer the question: What are the main strategies of Russian foreign policy in Syria from the perspective of smart power? In answer to this question, the hypothesis of the article states that based on the combined nature (soft power and hard power) in the smart power model, although the software dimensions of Russian power in the peripheral field have been seriously challenged, but the focal point of this country's smart power is based It is hard on power. Therefore, Russia's foreign policy is a combination of tough policies including the use of military power and supporting the role of actors such as Iran and Turkey on the one hand and soft policies including countering Western discourse, defending Assad and vetoing resolutions, maintaining balance between actors to manage etc. In this regard, Russia's intelligent power tried to make the most of the crisis and the period of Assad's stability at the lowest cost.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_144269_2010987cef50cef89f2ac686b7cd8564.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220political economy of cyberspace in Islamic republic of Iranpolitical economy of cyberspace in Islamic republic of Iran8711814427410.22034/irr.2022.144274FAAli AsgharDehghaniPhD student in International Relations, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranHousinPourAhmadi MibodiProfessor at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8210-529XJournal Article20220203Revolutionary developments in information and communication technology have provided a profound impact on the socio-economic formation of societies and the reformulation of the international political economy system. The transformation resulting from the digital revolution in the world system is transmitted to five continents with intensity, weakness and changes. The direction of these changes is determined by the cultural, political, economic and security systems of countries in interaction with the world system. The purpose of this article is to examine the issue of what components in the Islamic Republic of Iran have affected the understanding of the system of cyberspace and dictated the severity and severity of the country's impact on cyberspace. The political economy of cyberspace expresses how different national and transnational spheres interact, during which the whole of cyberspace is in its current state. The main question of the research is what is the political economy of cyberspace in Iran and what is the result? The research has used quantitative-qualitative method to achieve its goals. Heterogeneity in the face of cyberspace as a whole and the greater weight of the negative confrontation of the regime, has led to confrontation and, consequently, to the non-exploitation of its potentials and the lack of prosperity.Revolutionary developments in information and communication technology have provided a profound impact on the socio-economic formation of societies and the reformulation of the international political economy system. The transformation resulting from the digital revolution in the world system is transmitted to five continents with intensity, weakness and changes. The direction of these changes is determined by the cultural, political, economic and security systems of countries in interaction with the world system. The purpose of this article is to examine the issue of what components in the Islamic Republic of Iran have affected the understanding of the system of cyberspace and dictated the severity and severity of the country's impact on cyberspace. The political economy of cyberspace expresses how different national and transnational spheres interact, during which the whole of cyberspace is in its current state. The main question of the research is what is the political economy of cyberspace in Iran and what is the result? The research has used quantitative-qualitative method to achieve its goals. Heterogeneity in the face of cyberspace as a whole and the greater weight of the negative confrontation of the regime, has led to confrontation and, consequently, to the non-exploitation of its potentials and the lack of prosperity.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_144274_52e02159858a815b615559952013a683.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220Political economy policy model Economic and media development with the focus on news agenciesPolitical economy policy model Economic and media development with the focus on news agencies11913914564710.22034/irr.2021.303827.2042FAAminRooshanbakhasghanbariPhD Student, Media Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.MehranSamadiAssistant Professor, Department of Media Management, University of Science and Research, Department of Communication, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.AliakbarFarhangiProfessor, Department of Media Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20210908Media economics combines the study of economics with the study of media, and the creative industries, having a model of media economy in the social network space, have economic, social and cultural functions and have the potential to generate wealth. This research, which is a basic research of descriptive-exploratory type, has been tried to present a model of media economics based on the "data foundation" method in humanities studies with the focus on media markets in accordance with the research method and objectives. The main research tool was semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable and expert people in the field that snowball sampling was performed among the executives and faculty members of the university who had the desired characteristics. The introduction of concepts, categories and meta-categories that grew from within the data to saturation was studied. The model of media economy in 5 main categories with the categories of technology, content production, audience as characteristics of economy and media; Predisposing factors with the meta-categories of trust building, competitiveness, privatization and communication; The category of reinforcing factors included: human factors, resource management, environmental factors and cultural factors. The consequences included: globalization and modeling and barriers to formation, including barriers to government intervention and mismanagement.Media economics combines the study of economics with the study of media, and the creative industries, having a model of media economy in the social network space, have economic, social and cultural functions and have the potential to generate wealth. This research, which is a basic research of descriptive-exploratory type, has been tried to present a model of media economics based on the "data foundation" method in humanities studies with the focus on media markets in accordance with the research method and objectives. The main research tool was semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable and expert people in the field that snowball sampling was performed among the executives and faculty members of the university who had the desired characteristics. The introduction of concepts, categories and meta-categories that grew from within the data to saturation was studied. The model of media economy in 5 main categories with the categories of technology, content production, audience as characteristics of economy and media; Predisposing factors with the meta-categories of trust building, competitiveness, privatization and communication; The category of reinforcing factors included: human factors, resource management, environmental factors and cultural factors. The consequences included: globalization and modeling and barriers to formation, including barriers to government intervention and mismanagement.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_145647_c2f009abacc7c0c2ffb11fea44fe8631.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220An analysis of Israeli behavior in Syria based on strategic culture (2013-2020)An analysis of Israeli behavior in Syria based on strategic culture (2013-2020)14116814427610.22034/irr.2022.317447.2088FAYousofQorashiDep. of political science, School of law and political science, Shiraz University, IranNasserPourhassanDepartment of Political Science,, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, IranJournal Article20211129The Syrian crisis 2013 - 2020 has become one of the most acute crises in the Middle East. It has various levels, including its domestic roots, the role of regional actors, and global powers. Israel is one of the regional powers that has set unique and distinct goals compared to other powers. The purpose of this article is to explain the cultural foundations of the regime's involvement in the various stages of the Syrian crisis. The paper's main question is: "what basis has Israel been involved in the Syrian crisis 2013 - 2020?" The paper's hypothesis is as follows: "Israel's strategic behavior in the Syrian crisis is due to its strategic culture components such as seclusion in the security environment, survival under threat, and confrontational dogmatism." The article's findings show that the components of strategic culture have shaped the strategic behaviors and then Israeli strategic practices in Syria. Accordingly, it has carried out widespread preventive and pre-emptive attacks to balance military advantage in the Syrian sovereignty, particularly against the goals of its Syrian allies, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data of this article were collected in a library manner and processed by the qualitative method.The Syrian crisis 2013 - 2020 has become one of the most acute crises in the Middle East. It has various levels, including its domestic roots, the role of regional actors, and global powers. Israel is one of the regional powers that has set unique and distinct goals compared to other powers. The purpose of this article is to explain the cultural foundations of the regime's involvement in the various stages of the Syrian crisis. The paper's main question is: "what basis has Israel been involved in the Syrian crisis 2013 - 2020?" The paper's hypothesis is as follows: "Israel's strategic behavior in the Syrian crisis is due to its strategic culture components such as seclusion in the security environment, survival under threat, and confrontational dogmatism." The article's findings show that the components of strategic culture have shaped the strategic behaviors and then Israeli strategic practices in Syria. Accordingly, it has carried out widespread preventive and pre-emptive attacks to balance military advantage in the Syrian sovereignty, particularly against the goals of its Syrian allies, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data of this article were collected in a library manner and processed by the qualitative method.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_144276_78daf20b1ea0d5c79f6e37c5be4e63b5.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220The Role of Congress in U.S Decision-Making Structure toward JCPOA (2009-2021)The Role of Congress in U.S Decision-Making Structure toward JCPOA (2009-2021)16919214530810.22034/irr.2022.330340.2141FAEisaKameliPh.D. Student of Faculty of Law and Political Science ، South Tehran branch، Islamic Azad university، Tehran، IranGarinehKeshishyan SirakiDepartment of Political Science, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8645-7295Journal Article20220218Under the US Constitution, Congress, along with the government, plays a key role in the decision-making process, formulation, and oversight of the implementation of US foreign policy and national security. An accurate understanding of the function of this legislative body can be found in the context of concepts such as recognizing the foundations and internal structure of the United States, the ideas and beliefs that govern these foundations, recognizing domestic political trends and dynamism in Congress and political establishment, and finally the link between domestic and foreign policy. The Concepts that are becoming meaningful in the context of change and transformation. The present article seeks to find the answer to the question of what identical or distinct attitudes towards itself and the government regarding Iran and JCPOA between 2009 and 2021, in the shadow of the bipartisan divide. According to the findings of this study, the general role of Congress towards Iran and JCPOA in the Obama era has been a restrictive and deterrent role in promoting diplomacy and interaction with Iran and sometimes disruptive in the effective implementation of JCPOA and in the Trump era has been in line with the government. The strength and weakness of this role has been largely dependent on the party policy and the quality of Iranian politics of the two governments. In conducting research, descriptive-analytical method is used and the analysis of this data is often qualitative, content and comparative.Under the US Constitution, Congress, along with the government, plays a key role in the decision-making process, formulation, and oversight of the implementation of US foreign policy and national security. An accurate understanding of the function of this legislative body can be found in the context of concepts such as recognizing the foundations and internal structure of the United States, the ideas and beliefs that govern these foundations, recognizing domestic political trends and dynamism in Congress and political establishment, and finally the link between domestic and foreign policy. The Concepts that are becoming meaningful in the context of change and transformation. The present article seeks to find the answer to the question of what identical or distinct attitudes towards itself and the government regarding Iran and JCPOA between 2009 and 2021, in the shadow of the bipartisan divide. According to the findings of this study, the general role of Congress towards Iran and JCPOA in the Obama era has been a restrictive and deterrent role in promoting diplomacy and interaction with Iran and sometimes disruptive in the effective implementation of JCPOA and in the Trump era has been in line with the government. The strength and weakness of this role has been largely dependent on the party policy and the quality of Iranian politics of the two governments. In conducting research, descriptive-analytical method is used and the analysis of this data is often qualitative, content and comparative.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_145308_634878d8b0507eb79bb13a7a0ec6bd9d.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220Reviewing Qatar's role in the Persian Gulf with an Emphasis on Qatar-US relationsReviewing Qatar's role in the Persian Gulf with an Emphasis on Qatar-US relations19321214888410.22034/irr.2022.330632.2143FAHamidSoroshPhD Student in International Relations, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, IranHoseinAhmadiAssistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, IranMohammd AliBasiriAssociate Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20220220Qatar is a modest but influential country in the Middle East that has evolved into a remarkable determinant that could leave crucial impacts upon the region's fate. Qatar's role has been distinguished from other regional actors in terms of foreign policy and new diplomacy in the region. Qatar's motives for adopting a mediating foreign policy are defined as maintaining its security and stability in areas with tense geography, contending and evading conflict by declaring for one of the parties, ambition to extend its influence as a regional determinant, particularly against Saudi Arabia, and as a bargaining chip in the international community. The question, “what is the impact of Qatar-US relations on the security of the Persian Gulf region?” has been raised to conduct this study, composed in a descriptive-analytical manner. Accordingly, the results of the study designate that Qatar's leaning towards the United States arises from its sense of insecurity and the fact that the United States acts as an advocate for Qatar in the region. Furthermore, Qatar's role in the political equation signifies that other conventional sources of power that include land, population, and military might, are not the sole forms of power, and novel sources such as the media, norms, and cultivating a brand can similarly serve as sources of power.Qatar is a modest but influential country in the Middle East that has evolved into a remarkable determinant that could leave crucial impacts upon the region's fate. Qatar's role has been distinguished from other regional actors in terms of foreign policy and new diplomacy in the region. Qatar's motives for adopting a mediating foreign policy are defined as maintaining its security and stability in areas with tense geography, contending and evading conflict by declaring for one of the parties, ambition to extend its influence as a regional determinant, particularly against Saudi Arabia, and as a bargaining chip in the international community. The question, “what is the impact of Qatar-US relations on the security of the Persian Gulf region?” has been raised to conduct this study, composed in a descriptive-analytical manner. Accordingly, the results of the study designate that Qatar's leaning towards the United States arises from its sense of insecurity and the fact that the United States acts as an advocate for Qatar in the region. Furthermore, Qatar's role in the political equation signifies that other conventional sources of power that include land, population, and military might, are not the sole forms of power, and novel sources such as the media, norms, and cultivating a brand can similarly serve as sources of power.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_148884_270a60f68a1f00108049a4870044a8bf.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220Content analysis of Trump tweets about Burjam in order to provide a model of Trump's Twitter diplomacyContent analysis of Trump tweets about Burjam in order to provide a model of Trump's Twitter diplomacy21323914972910.22034/irr.2022.331941.2149FASahirSaeidzadehPhD Student in International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, IranMahnazGodarziAssociate Professor of International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, IranFaezaehTaghipourAssociate Professor, Department of Communication and Business Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), IranJournal Article20220228Cyberspace is a 21st century term used to define a wide range of networking tools or technologies that emphasize the social aspects of the Internet as a channel for communication, collaboration, and creative expression. One potential communication channel for such interaction and knowledge sharing is Twitter, which produces large amounts of news on a daily basis, including aspects of Twitter's impact on modern foreign policy, given its role in relations between governments and organizations. International is one of the most influential and challenging fields, and seriously, Twitter has emerged as a new medium and networking platform provided by digital media, hybrid media. In the last decade, this media has attracted the attention of politicians, especially diplomats, and has created a ground for reflecting their priorities, values and ideas. The use of this infrastructure has created a new type of diplomacy called "twitlomacy" and more than 92% of UN member states have accounts in this medium. This study sought to examine the content of Trump's tweets about JCPOA using theories related to diplomacy in order to provide a model for Trump's Twitter diplomacy. The main question was, what are the implications of Trump's tweets about JCPOA in order to provide a model for Trump's Twitter diplomacy? In this regard, using a qualitative method and using a network analysis of themes, among all Trump tweets, the list of tweets of the President of the United States of America (Donald Trump) between 2016-2019 was used to collect informationCyberspace is a 21st century term used to define a wide range of networking tools or technologies that emphasize the social aspects of the Internet as a channel for communication, collaboration, and creative expression. One potential communication channel for such interaction and knowledge sharing is Twitter, which produces large amounts of news on a daily basis, including aspects of Twitter's impact on modern foreign policy, given its role in relations between governments and organizations. International is one of the most influential and challenging fields, and seriously, Twitter has emerged as a new medium and networking platform provided by digital media, hybrid media. In the last decade, this media has attracted the attention of politicians, especially diplomats, and has created a ground for reflecting their priorities, values and ideas. The use of this infrastructure has created a new type of diplomacy called "twitlomacy" and more than 92% of UN member states have accounts in this medium. This study sought to examine the content of Trump's tweets about JCPOA using theories related to diplomacy in order to provide a model for Trump's Twitter diplomacy. The main question was, what are the implications of Trump's tweets about JCPOA in order to provide a model for Trump's Twitter diplomacy? In this regard, using a qualitative method and using a network analysis of themes, among all Trump tweets, the list of tweets of the President of the United States of America (Donald Trump) between 2016-2019 was used to collect informationhttps://www.iisajournals.ir/article_149729_89bb032e13438186c4b979793e9cd5d2.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220International justice from the perspective of John Rawls' political thoughtInternational justice from the perspective of John Rawls' political thought21523714906110.22034/irr.2022.323548.2120FARezaFarpourPhD student in political science. Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science. science and research Branch. Islamic Azad university. Tehran. ایران.AhmadBakhshayesh ArdestaniPolitical Science Group_ Political Thought and Issues in Iran. . Central Tehran Branch. Islamic Azad university. Tehran. iran. (Author)Seyed MoatafaAbtahiAssociate Professor, Department of Political Science. Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science. science and research Branch. Islamic Azad university. Tehran. ایران.Journal Article20220107John Rawls, as an influential thinker in the school of liberalism, to explain the position and concept of justice in the international arena, proposes principles that can be reasonably agreed upon by governments in international custom and these principles as a common basis. And has raised fairly. In order to examine the foreign policy of the "Liberal Democratic states" in the international arena, Rawls evaluates the relations of these states with other states only according to the observance of the principles listed by them. Thus, the relationship of a liberal democratic state with other liberal democracies or with honorable governments can occur in all areas and in a fair and equal manner. Of course, this relationship with the "oppressed states" is only in the form of financial aid and with the "law-breaking states" only in the form of a just war, which from Rawls's point of view is the true concept of justice in the international arena.John Rawls, as an influential thinker in the school of liberalism, to explain the position and concept of justice in the international arena, proposes principles that can be reasonably agreed upon by governments in international custom and these principles as a common basis. And has raised fairly. In order to examine the foreign policy of the "Liberal Democratic states" in the international arena, Rawls evaluates the relations of these states with other states only according to the observance of the principles listed by them. Thus, the relationship of a liberal democratic state with other liberal democracies or with honorable governments can occur in all areas and in a fair and equal manner. Of course, this relationship with the "oppressed states" is only in the form of financial aid and with the "law-breaking states" only in the form of a just war, which from Rawls's point of view is the true concept of justice in the international arena.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_149061_f148dba495e5391a7790087cbb5fc3e2.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220The place of custom in explaining citizenship rights according to Islamic jurisprudence based on Nahj al-BalaghahThe place of custom in explaining citizenship rights according to Islamic jurisprudence based on Nahj al-Balaghah23926515300510.22034/irr.2022.349854.2217FASonbolMohammadi MoghaddamPhD Student in Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran.MehdiBahrehmandAssistant professor, Departement of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, jiroft branch Islamic Azad Univercity, jiroft, Iran.RuhollahAfzali GorouhAssistant professor ,Departement of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, jiroft branch Islamic Azad Univercity,jiroft ,Iran.Journal Article20220701The conversion of human beings to religion and its focus on social life and increasing needs and their supply to jurisprudence and, consequently, the emergence of emerging issues, the need to get out of the bottleneck of individual jurisprudence and enter the field of social jurisprudence It turns out. In their social life, human beings have behaviors and relationships, a large part of which are covered by the rules of Sharia and have become customary. Whereas numerous studies on custom in jurisprudence, international law, and legal systems have been conducted independently; However, no research has been done so far to examine the position of custom in explaining the legal rights of citizens from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence. One of the original religious sources that has provided valuable opinions in this regard is the rhetorical approach of Imam Ali (as) and can be cited as one of the basic sources in the field of citizenship rights. Imam Ali (AS) by emphasizing principles such as cosmopolitanism, social justice, freedom and human rights, has tried to bring individuals and citizens closer to each other and create a sense of homeland of all human beings; Because he, in the position of a manager of which he is one of the citizens, has been responsible for the administration of justice and laws. The important features of the citizen-centered society that Ali (AS) emphasized, heartfelt respect for law and legalism, justice and equality of people in society and the law,The conversion of human beings to religion and its focus on social life and increasing needs and their supply to jurisprudence and, consequently, the emergence of emerging issues, the need to get out of the bottleneck of individual jurisprudence and enter the field of social jurisprudence It turns out. In their social life, human beings have behaviors and relationships, a large part of which are covered by the rules of Sharia and have become customary. Whereas numerous studies on custom in jurisprudence, international law, and legal systems have been conducted independently; However, no research has been done so far to examine the position of custom in explaining the legal rights of citizens from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence. One of the original religious sources that has provided valuable opinions in this regard is the rhetorical approach of Imam Ali (as) and can be cited as one of the basic sources in the field of citizenship rights. Imam Ali (AS) by emphasizing principles such as cosmopolitanism, social justice, freedom and human rights, has tried to bring individuals and citizens closer to each other and create a sense of homeland of all human beings; Because he, in the position of a manager of which he is one of the citizens, has been responsible for the administration of justice and laws. The important features of the citizen-centered society that Ali (AS) emphasized, heartfelt respect for law and legalism, justice and equality of people in society and the law,https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_153005_e546d082ecbe0027e7f3a2176389f7b4.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220A comparative study of the role of the implementation of the cadastral plan in the prevention of land grabbing in the Iranian and British legal systemsA comparative study of the role of the implementation of the cadastral plan in the prevention of land grabbing in the Iranian and British legal systems26729715476210.22034/irr.2022.333828.2158FAMohammadGolshaniPhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Allameh Tabatabai UniversitySeyed MansourMirsaeidiAssistant Professor and member of the Faculty of Criminal Law and Criminology and Allameh Tabatabai UniversityHoseinGholamiProfessor and member of the faculty of criminal law and criminology, Allameh Tabatabai UniversityJournal Article20220312Land grabbing is one of the economic crimes that has grown significantly in recent years. One of the major legal, social and economic problems is the lack of a clear definition of this criminal phenomenon. Various factors and elements are effective in committing land grabbing, and today land grabbers use various methods to achieve their goals, which is to acquire windfall and huge wealth without any hassle. Issues and challenges related to the optimal use of land resources and management around the world are of great importance, the growing population and the growing need for land and land resources require more control and attention. One of the most important and basic strategies for controlling and managing the use is the use of "cadastre" or cadastre that developed countries have begun to use this system in organizing their property and preventive measures in the field of crimes against property and ownership. Therefore, in the present article, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and using library sources and texts, we have sought to answer the question what role the implementation of the cadastral plan in the legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom plays in preventing land-related crimes. Has he eaten? The research findings show that in both legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom, one of the best and most important ways to prevent land grabbing is a kind of non-criminal situation prevention.Land grabbing is one of the economic crimes that has grown significantly in recent years. One of the major legal, social and economic problems is the lack of a clear definition of this criminal phenomenon. Various factors and elements are effective in committing land grabbing, and today land grabbers use various methods to achieve their goals, which is to acquire windfall and huge wealth without any hassle. Issues and challenges related to the optimal use of land resources and management around the world are of great importance, the growing population and the growing need for land and land resources require more control and attention. One of the most important and basic strategies for controlling and managing the use is the use of "cadastre" or cadastre that developed countries have begun to use this system in organizing their property and preventive measures in the field of crimes against property and ownership. Therefore, in the present article, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and using library sources and texts, we have sought to answer the question what role the implementation of the cadastral plan in the legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom plays in preventing land-related crimes. Has he eaten? The research findings show that in both legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom, one of the best and most important ways to prevent land grabbing is a kind of non-criminal situation prevention.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_154762_2c5e6b71161299b4b3b0b40637fdff4f.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220Prohibition of transplantation and international organ trafficking to foreign nationals in the light of jurisprudence principles, universal human and moral rightsProhibition of transplantation and international organ trafficking to foreign nationals in the light of jurisprudence principles, universal human and moral rights29931617689310.22034/irr.2022.354735.2240FAHamidBazrpachAssistant Professor, Department of Law, Islamic Azad University, Hashtgerd branch, Hashtgerd, Iran.Journal Article20220803Significant advances in medical science have created a set of new issues for scholars and legal researchers. Nowadays, with these advances, organ transplantation and transplantation have become a common way to treat many problems and diseases. This process, in addition to its benefits, has faced certain challenges and problems and has led to various crimes, including murder, smuggling members. Only crimes such as bodybuilding and kidnapping are a large share of crimes in different countries of the world, which are fortunate to be most victims of women and children. The shortage of members and the outcome of incorrect policies to solve it has led to many challenges on organ transplantation in Iran, including the issue of ban on organ transplantation to foreign nationals. To this end, the legislator has considered a ban on foreign nationals in order to prevent the dignity of nationalities, and in particular, preserve human dignity. In this study, we seek to address the problems related to the laws on the prohibition of organ transplantation and to identify the exceptions.Significant advances in medical science have created a set of new issues for scholars and legal researchers. Nowadays, with these advances, organ transplantation and transplantation have become a common way to treat many problems and diseases. This process, in addition to its benefits, has faced certain challenges and problems and has led to various crimes, including murder, smuggling members. Only crimes such as bodybuilding and kidnapping are a large share of crimes in different countries of the world, which are fortunate to be most victims of women and children. The shortage of members and the outcome of incorrect policies to solve it has led to many challenges on organ transplantation in Iran, including the issue of ban on organ transplantation to foreign nationals. To this end, the legislator has considered a ban on foreign nationals in order to prevent the dignity of nationalities, and in particular, preserve human dignity. In this study, we seek to address the problems related to the laws on the prohibition of organ transplantation and to identify the exceptions.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_176893_41d3e5722261d466859469e4472edfbb.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844411420220220The requirements of the right to free access to information in the light of the rules of international human rights and the constitutional system of the Islamic Republic of IranThe requirements of the right to free access to information in the light of the rules of international human rights and the constitutional system of the Islamic Republic of Iran31734619137210.22034/irr.2024.434651.2493FAMohamadaliKarimiPhD student, Department of Public Law, School of Law, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.KherollahParvinProfessor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMohamadjavadRezaeizadehAssociate Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240108From the beginning of the emergence of human rights schools and ideas, the owners of various philosophical theories have established their determination for this matter so that the rules of fundamental rights are placed in the body of society as a support for human protection. The opposite point of the thinkers' concern is the will of the governments to limit human rights, which has been successful since the beginning of political systems. Freedom of access to information is a dynamic right in time and place and has gone through rough patches so far, human rights requirements and its role as the founder of the first international organization in the form of the United Nations. United and the impact of this institution in supporting this right in the international arena, as well as the review of Iran's fundamental rights, relying on the belief system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, raises the question of what effects these two systems have on Have they left the domestic and international territory to fulfill this right? It is necessary to emphasize that the doctrine of regulating the behavior of governments has a significant contribution to the fulfillment of the right to freedom of information and other human rights. Therefore, the long-term thinking in international human rights documents regarding human rights and freedoms comes from the fact that the means The production, access and transmission of information has no time and place limitations, and this means that access tools have a dynamic nature.From the beginning of the emergence of human rights schools and ideas, the owners of various philosophical theories have established their determination for this matter so that the rules of fundamental rights are placed in the body of society as a support for human protection. The opposite point of the thinkers' concern is the will of the governments to limit human rights, which has been successful since the beginning of political systems. Freedom of access to information is a dynamic right in time and place and has gone through rough patches so far, human rights requirements and its role as the founder of the first international organization in the form of the United Nations. United and the impact of this institution in supporting this right in the international arena, as well as the review of Iran's fundamental rights, relying on the belief system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, raises the question of what effects these two systems have on Have they left the domestic and international territory to fulfill this right? It is necessary to emphasize that the doctrine of regulating the behavior of governments has a significant contribution to the fulfillment of the right to freedom of information and other human rights. Therefore, the long-term thinking in international human rights documents regarding human rights and freedoms comes from the fact that the means The production, access and transmission of information has no time and place limitations, and this means that access tools have a dynamic nature.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_191372_533da65d27dc19969851d785a312baf0.pdf