The Iranian Association of International Studies International Relations Researches 2251-8444 3 8 2013 06 22 World Governance, Status and Dominant Theory in Modern World World Governance, Status and Dominant Theory in Modern World 9 35 41925 FA Seyyed Abdol-Ali Ghavam Professor, Department of International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Siamak Bahrami PhD student in International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Journal Article 2014 02 08 Nowadays, world governance is an ambiguous concept in international politics and has been also analyzed from the framework of a western rationality regardless of the undeveloped world. To settle these two issues, this paper uses a 5-axis pattern creating a dialogue between traditional and radical theories over the concept of world governance. Based on the axes, it attempts to provide a theory which both disambiguates the world governance concept and incorporates the undeveloped world as an active player into the stage. The theory transforms the world governance to a dominant status and system of the modern world and a comprehensive theory. Nowadays, world governance is an ambiguous concept in international politics and has been also analyzed from the framework of a western rationality regardless of the undeveloped world. To settle these two issues, this paper uses a 5-axis pattern creating a dialogue between traditional and radical theories over the concept of world governance. Based on the axes, it attempts to provide a theory which both disambiguates the world governance concept and incorporates the undeveloped world as an active player into the stage. The theory transforms the world governance to a dominant status and system of the modern world and a comprehensive theory. https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41925_4955943bc34e8cdf7ede68f294ff2cdf.pdf

The Iranian Association of International Studies International Relations Researches 2251-8444 3 8 2013 06 22 Pragmatic Strategies of Islam in Relations with Non-Muslims Pragmatic Strategies of Islam in Relations with Non-Muslims 57 78 41926 FA Ali Akbar Alikhani Associate Professor University of Tehran Journal Article 2014 02 08 This research's question is about Islam's strategies to contribute and facilitate relations with the non-Muslims. By Islam, we mean the Quran and Sunna, and in some cases we have referred to Imam Ali's approach. Pragmatic strategies are the ones which are objective and practical and play a significant role in facilitating the relations between Muslim and non-Muslims and can lift the impediments. These strategies are discussed under three categories centering around negotiations and dialog, agreement, and implementation. This research's question is about Islam's strategies to contribute and facilitate relations with the non-Muslims. By Islam, we mean the Quran and Sunna, and in some cases we have referred to Imam Ali's approach. Pragmatic strategies are the ones which are objective and practical and play a significant role in facilitating the relations between Muslim and non-Muslims and can lift the impediments. These strategies are discussed under three categories centering around negotiations and dialog, agreement, and implementation. https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41926_78f58a8b3761d55a831805c9a278fc45.pdf

The Iranian Association of International Studies International Relations Researches 2251-8444 3 8 2013 06 22 Globalization of Democracy, Trans-boundary of Norms, and Plurality of Actors in International Organizations Globalization of Democracy, Trans-boundary of Norms, and Plurality of Actors in International Organizations 79 102 41927 FA Seyyed Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mohammad Yazdanpanah Shourgol PhD student in International Relations at Allameh Tabatabai University Ahad Rezayan Ghiebashi M.Sc. Student of International Relations Tarbiat Modarres University Journal Article 2014 02 08 Due to the rapid trend of globalization, the theoretical and practical aspects of human life have undergone drastic changes, and domestic and foreign affairs of the nation-states have been intertwined because of time-space compression. One of the most significant manifestation of the compression, has been in the field of relationship between democracy in the nation-states and the waves of globalization beyond national borders. This article explains the consequences of globalization of democracy in the international stage so that the reality of the international actors and their functions in the international organizations are analyzed. The main question is: What has been the impact of globalization of democracy on the international actors? It is suggested that globalization of democracy by trans-boundary of democratic norms has contributed to plurality of actors in the international organizations. It also raises minor questions on nature of the globalization process and its impact on the national democratic governments, manner of emergence of non-government players and their performance within international institutions. Due to the rapid trend of globalization, the theoretical and practical aspects of human life have undergone drastic changes, and domestic and foreign affairs of the nation-states have been intertwined because of time-space compression. One of the most significant manifestation of the compression, has been in the field of relationship between democracy in the nation-states and the waves of globalization beyond national borders. This article explains the consequences of globalization of democracy in the international stage so that the reality of the international actors and their functions in the international organizations are analyzed. The main question is: What has been the impact of globalization of democracy on the international actors? It is suggested that globalization of democracy by trans-boundary of democratic norms has contributed to plurality of actors in the international organizations. It also raises minor questions on nature of the globalization process and its impact on the national democratic governments, manner of emergence of non-government players and their performance within international institutions. https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41927_5a64e013840f248e9ca5d648856a6cba.pdf

The Iranian Association of International Studies International Relations Researches 2251-8444 3 8 2013 06 22 Globalization and Erosion of Sovereignty in Post-Westphalian Age Globalization and Erosion of Sovereignty in Post-Westphalian Age 103 132 41928 FA Mohammad Hasan Khani Faculty member of Imam Sadegh University Rouhol-Amin Saeedi PhD student in International Relations, University of Tehran Journal Article 2014 02 08 The article focuses on the relationship between globalization and sovereignty and raises the question: What is the impact of globalization on the sovereignty of states in the post-Westphalian Age? It hypothesizes that globalization has not resulted in erosion and decline of national sovereignties and that independent sovereign states will continue to remain the most important actors of the world system in a foreseeable future. However, globalization has transformed the sovereign states and has reduced their independence and self-governance capacity to the benefit of trans-national sovereign states. It seems that in the post-Westphalian age, considering the parallel presence of national and transnational sovereignties, one can talk more of world management than world government. The article focuses on the relationship between globalization and sovereignty and raises the question: What is the impact of globalization on the sovereignty of states in the post-Westphalian Age? It hypothesizes that globalization has not resulted in erosion and decline of national sovereignties and that independent sovereign states will continue to remain the most important actors of the world system in a foreseeable future. However, globalization has transformed the sovereign states and has reduced their independence and self-governance capacity to the benefit of trans-national sovereign states. It seems that in the post-Westphalian age, considering the parallel presence of national and transnational sovereignties, one can talk more of world management than world government. https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41928_4361f62b56abc75847db39802a8989bd.pdf

The Iranian Association of International Studies International Relations Researches 2251-8444 3 8 2013 06 22 An Analysis of Meta-Theory Principles of International Relations Theory in Islamic Approach An Analysis of Meta-Theory Principles of International Relations Theory in Islamic Approach 133 168 41929 FA Mohammad Javad Ranjkesh Assistant Professor of International Relations, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Hamid Reza Keshavarz Master of International Relations, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal Article 2014 02 08 Understanding and command of theories of a science and human experience such as International Relations constitute its main component. The research adopts an analytical-interpretive approach to meta-theoretical theories of the International Relations and uses the quartet sources in Islam – Quran, Sunna, consensus and reason – to explore the meta-theoretical principles and parameters of the International Relations in Islam. We assume that all International Relations theories in the modern era have western characteristic and that they are in accordance with the western assumptions, instances, and mentality. Understanding and command of theories of a science and human experience such as International Relations constitute its main component. The research adopts an analytical-interpretive approach to meta-theoretical theories of the International Relations and uses the quartet sources in Islam – Quran, Sunna, consensus and reason – to explore the meta-theoretical principles and parameters of the International Relations in Islam. We assume that all International Relations theories in the modern era have western characteristic and that they are in accordance with the western assumptions, instances, and mentality. https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41929_6422800bdd4c6b0e4df31535c3f93c07.pdf

The Iranian Association of International Studies International Relations Researches 2251-8444 3 8 2013 06 22 An Explanation of Malfunctioning of Gaddafi’s Domestic and Foreign Policy based on Logic of Constructivism Approach An Explanation of Malfunctioning of Gaddafi’s Domestic and Foreign Policy based on Logic of Constructivism Approach 169 204 41930 FA Alireza Aghahosseini Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Isfahan Raouf Rahimi PhD student in Political Science, Isfahan University 0000-0002-8447-4531 Sajjad Rezaee PhD student in Psychology, Isfahan University Journal Article 2014 02 08 The theorizing procedure in international relations has shifted from the micro levels towards macro levels. Accordingly, constructivism was proposed as a moderate approach to study the social and political phenomena with an emphasis on structure and individual as functionary factors. The importance of this study is due to the role assigned to governments and individuals as well as the possible mechanisms and limiting structures in shaping the international system, foreign policy behavior and the national interests. Having utilized a descriptive-analytic method, the researchers made attempts at explicating failure of Gaddafi’s foreign policy on the basis of the theory of constructivism as a moderate approach. The objective of this paper is to answer the question: What caused Gaddafi's foreign policy failures during his rule. Findings show that, contrary of domestic and foreign policy arising from Qaddafi ideas with inter- subjective local, regional and international meanings was the main factor of his foreign policy failure or inefficiency during his rule. The theorizing procedure in international relations has shifted from the micro levels towards macro levels. Accordingly, constructivism was proposed as a moderate approach to study the social and political phenomena with an emphasis on structure and individual as functionary factors. The importance of this study is due to the role assigned to governments and individuals as well as the possible mechanisms and limiting structures in shaping the international system, foreign policy behavior and the national interests. Having utilized a descriptive-analytic method, the researchers made attempts at explicating failure of Gaddafi’s foreign policy on the basis of the theory of constructivism as a moderate approach. The objective of this paper is to answer the question: What caused Gaddafi's foreign policy failures during his rule. Findings show that, contrary of domestic and foreign policy arising from Qaddafi ideas with inter- subjective local, regional and international meanings was the main factor of his foreign policy failure or inefficiency during his rule. https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41930_57ecd7316c52ffcbdea03690ea7db2b8.pdf

The Iranian Association of International Studies International Relations Researches 2251-8444 3 8 2013 06 22 Humanitarian Intervention from International Relations Theories’ Perspective Humanitarian Intervention from International Relations Theories’ Perspective 205 228 41931 FA Rahmat Hajimine Faculty of Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch 0000-0002-1225-9541 Journal Article 2014 02 08 The issue of Humanitarian Intervention always poses questions of the most moral challenging. Proponent of every political belief in International Relations field will justify intervention under certain circumstances. What one group views as a just intervention, another will consider severely unjust. The challenge is that, Non– Intervention is a main principle in international community, but in times of violating citizen’s human rights by their states, or failed states due to a civil war, or while disorder and anarchy become dominant, should the sovereignty principle be forgotten, whereby military intervention is accepted? Examining this question, the article of each theory cannot be addressed adequately here, so the categorizations are necessarily broad. The issue of Humanitarian Intervention always poses questions of the most moral challenging. Proponent of every political belief in International Relations field will justify intervention under certain circumstances. What one group views as a just intervention, another will consider severely unjust. The challenge is that, Non– Intervention is a main principle in international community, but in times of violating citizen’s human rights by their states, or failed states due to a civil war, or while disorder and anarchy become dominant, should the sovereignty principle be forgotten, whereby military intervention is accepted? Examining this question, the article of each theory cannot be addressed adequately here, so the categorizations are necessarily broad. https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41931_fa49eb69043e202e2370b17f86bb10a8.pdf