The Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844451720151023Theoretical and Meta-Theoretical Bases and Critique of
Neoclassical RealismTheoretical and Meta-Theoretical Bases and Critique of
Neoclassical Realism134241989FAHosseinSalimiProfessor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i UniversityMenarEbrahimiPhD student of Allameh Tabataba'i UniversityJournal Article20151222Neoclassical Realism Theory was established within the framework of Realistic paradigm in order to solve the problems of Realism theories which cannot explain why actors behave differently even under stable systemic circumstances. The purpose of this paper is to detect the meta-theoretical and theoretical bases of Neoclassical Realism as a theory which aims is to test Realism theories according to basic principles of Realism paradigm. The methods to fulfill that purpose is case study, objective observation and subjective analysis. Hence, Neoclassical Realism examines the principles that have been neglected in other theories of Realism paradigm. The main question of the Theory is, why the international relations theories and Realism theories as well, are unable to explain and interpret the causal relations in the system, and how to overcome this deficiency? Neoclassical Realism supposes that an inclusive theory for explaining the causal relations in the International system should study the International system as the point of departure, but also emphasizes on the units domestic characteristics, and identifies the resulting behaviours through the domestic structures channel. Therefore, the main question of the article is identifying the effects of theoretical and meta-theoretical bases of Neoclassical Realism on understanding International Relations. The results show that, the rationalistic bases of Neoclassical Realism has been able to complete the realistic understanding of International Relations, although it still suffers from the dominance of materialistic viewpoint and that has made it unable to describe some of the international behavioursin a holistic analysis.Neoclassical Realism Theory was established within the framework of Realistic paradigm in order to solve the problems of Realism theories which cannot explain why actors behave differently even under stable systemic circumstances. The purpose of this paper is to detect the meta-theoretical and theoretical bases of Neoclassical Realism as a theory which aims is to test Realism theories according to basic principles of Realism paradigm. The methods to fulfill that purpose is case study, objective observation and subjective analysis. Hence, Neoclassical Realism examines the principles that have been neglected in other theories of Realism paradigm. The main question of the Theory is, why the international relations theories and Realism theories as well, are unable to explain and interpret the causal relations in the system, and how to overcome this deficiency? Neoclassical Realism supposes that an inclusive theory for explaining the causal relations in the International system should study the International system as the point of departure, but also emphasizes on the units domestic characteristics, and identifies the resulting behaviours through the domestic structures channel. Therefore, the main question of the article is identifying the effects of theoretical and meta-theoretical bases of Neoclassical Realism on understanding International Relations. The results show that, the rationalistic bases of Neoclassical Realism has been able to complete the realistic understanding of International Relations, although it still suffers from the dominance of materialistic viewpoint and that has made it unable to describe some of the international behavioursin a holistic analysis.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41989_02fcc1b3d50513cb9bdc841e7487fcdb.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844451720151023Syrian Crisis: Regional and Grate PowersSyrian Crisis: Regional and Grate Powers436841990FAHosseinDaheshiarAssociate Professor of International Relations, Allameh Tabataba'i UniversityJournal Article20151222Nowadays, Syria is experiencing conditions which have the susceptibility to become a routine reality in region`s other countries. Undeniable facts regarding situation in Syria are: the central government`s inability to provide border security, presence of nonnative armed rebels throughout the country fight of the various and different groups with each other's and central government, direct and indirect interference by the regional powers based on different reasons in Syria and total interference of great powers in order to shape the outcomes of the civil war. The article`s question is what are the <br /> <br /> Elements which have shaped the crisis? The essential components of the present situation are as follow: the collapse of bureaucratic-military capacities of Syrian government, the active presence of the regional powers especially the Saudi Arabia in the position of proxy wars against each other's by giving equipments and financial support to opposing groups, America`s strategic ambiguity and opportunism by the Russians.Nowadays, Syria is experiencing conditions which have the susceptibility to become a routine reality in region`s other countries. Undeniable facts regarding situation in Syria are: the central government`s inability to provide border security, presence of nonnative armed rebels throughout the country fight of the various and different groups with each other's and central government, direct and indirect interference by the regional powers based on different reasons in Syria and total interference of great powers in order to shape the outcomes of the civil war. The article`s question is what are the <br /> <br /> Elements which have shaped the crisis? The essential components of the present situation are as follow: the collapse of bureaucratic-military capacities of Syrian government, the active presence of the regional powers especially the Saudi Arabia in the position of proxy wars against each other's by giving equipments and financial support to opposing groups, America`s strategic ambiguity and opportunism by the Russians.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41990_c5121dbdbb240eb041a3468436e20b84.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844451720151023Iran's 20-year vision plan, regional rivals and the necessity of regionalism in Iran's foreign policyIran's 20-year vision plan, regional rivals and the necessity of regionalism in Iran's foreign policy6910441991FASeyyed AmirNiakuieFaculty Member of Guilan University0000-0001-8865-8824MohsenAsgarianPhD student in International Relations, University of GuilanJournal Article20151222Despite the expansion of globalization, individual states are continuously primary actors in international system. These influential actors are attempting to maintain and increase their security as their main concerns. Questions such as how to achieve security in a globalized world and what is the role of regional powers in maintaining security are important topics in the minds of political leaders in several regions. Meanwhile, regional security has been justified as a rational choice for very individual states. Accordingly, Islamic republic of Iran has ratified the Iran’s 20- year vision plan. According to this document, Iran has to be a developed state with the first level in region according to scientific and economic indexes. Undoubtedly, the realization of this goal requires political, economic and social necessities especially a specific view to region and regional systems. The present paper is an attempt to explain the necessity and structure of regional system in the neighborhood of Iran.Despite the expansion of globalization, individual states are continuously primary actors in international system. These influential actors are attempting to maintain and increase their security as their main concerns. Questions such as how to achieve security in a globalized world and what is the role of regional powers in maintaining security are important topics in the minds of political leaders in several regions. Meanwhile, regional security has been justified as a rational choice for very individual states. Accordingly, Islamic republic of Iran has ratified the Iran’s 20- year vision plan. According to this document, Iran has to be a developed state with the first level in region according to scientific and economic indexes. Undoubtedly, the realization of this goal requires political, economic and social necessities especially a specific view to region and regional systems. The present paper is an attempt to explain the necessity and structure of regional system in the neighborhood of Iran.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41991_6e9c8746c47446e383b404bc3e5cab85.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844451720151023The future of the Middle East conflict and projected change in the balance of regional power Iran and TurkeyThe future of the Middle East conflict and projected change in the balance of regional power Iran and Turkey10513841992FAZiauddinSabouriResearcher of International Relations and Secretary of the Iranian Scientific Society of International RelationsTajoddinSalehianPhD student in International Relations, University of GuilanJournal Article20151222Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey, in the Middle East, is strategically important region, with a history of significant and unusual similarities are. Including the fact that both countries have ancient civilizations and empires were very wide and throughout its history has always been that of ups and downs, sometimes these relationships, friendly and often accompanied by conflict. Both countries have always considered it a great regional power and in this regard, but rapprochement, both had serious competition. <br /> <br /> The main question of this article is that due to the complex situation in the Middle East, that will likely change in the balance and regional trans-regional powers, which both countries claim to regional power, Iran and Turkey, to act as a dominant power in the region has more weight and will be in a better situation? <br /> <br /> The authors, using descriptive and analytical methods, to investigate the components of regional power, to compare the position of regional power and argued against the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey in recent years, Turkey recently to steer away from politics " Reset to zero for the problems with neighbors" to create tensions with its neighbors like Syria and therefore likely to exacerbate conflict and conflict with other regional powers in the near future for this country is probable and predictable. <br /> <br /> Considering the likely strengthening of the approach and the failure to achieve America's goals in the region as supportive of Turkey and other regional powers such as Russia likely to direct intervention in the Syrian conflict, together with the rising regional influence of Iran's position, the article predicts that in the near future, the role of Turkey as a regional superpower, in comparison with Iran, and in the fall will be challenged and, in turn, would increase Iran's regional power.Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey, in the Middle East, is strategically important region, with a history of significant and unusual similarities are. Including the fact that both countries have ancient civilizations and empires were very wide and throughout its history has always been that of ups and downs, sometimes these relationships, friendly and often accompanied by conflict. Both countries have always considered it a great regional power and in this regard, but rapprochement, both had serious competition. <br /> <br /> The main question of this article is that due to the complex situation in the Middle East, that will likely change in the balance and regional trans-regional powers, which both countries claim to regional power, Iran and Turkey, to act as a dominant power in the region has more weight and will be in a better situation? <br /> <br /> The authors, using descriptive and analytical methods, to investigate the components of regional power, to compare the position of regional power and argued against the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey in recent years, Turkey recently to steer away from politics " Reset to zero for the problems with neighbors" to create tensions with its neighbors like Syria and therefore likely to exacerbate conflict and conflict with other regional powers in the near future for this country is probable and predictable. <br /> <br /> Considering the likely strengthening of the approach and the failure to achieve America's goals in the region as supportive of Turkey and other regional powers such as Russia likely to direct intervention in the Syrian conflict, together with the rising regional influence of Iran's position, the article predicts that in the near future, the role of Turkey as a regional superpower, in comparison with Iran, and in the fall will be challenged and, in turn, would increase Iran's regional power.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41992_489504382f707ac35f7fc4801fa1636c.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844451720151023Poliheuristic Decision Making Model and Analysis of Turkey's Foreign Policy(Case Study of the Justice and Development Government)Poliheuristic Decision Making Model and Analysis of Turkey's Foreign Policy(Case Study of the Justice and Development Government)13916841993FAMohammad HoseinJamshidiAssistant Professor of Political Science, Tarbiat Modares UniversityValiGolmohammadiPhD student in International Relations Tarbiat Modarres UniversityJournal Article20160112Islamistscoming to power in Turkey in 2002has changed turkey'sforeign policydiscourse and behavior fundamentally.Decisionmakers of Turkish foreign policy in the shadow of a pragmatic and multilateral foreignpolicy for achieving national, regional and international goals; have benefited different alternatives and positional orientations.This paper,focused onthetheoretical analysis of Turkish foreign policy during the administration of justice and development party, andhas attempted to analyze theliterature of Turkish foreign policy after the Cold War and offersthe AKP government leaders foreign policy decision-making model. Accordingly, this article with theuse ofqualitative research methods is seeking to answer this question that, how can analyze Turkishforeign policy in the framework of Poliheuristic decision-making model? Because the academic studies in this area have used less theoretical modeling and much more descriptive studies; present research, in order to answer the question, provided the modeling of AKP decision making based on Poliheuristic theory. Finally, Different alternativesof ruling party's foreign policy in various aspectsofeconomic, domestic politics, cultural and ideological, military and strategic, will be examined.Islamistscoming to power in Turkey in 2002has changed turkey'sforeign policydiscourse and behavior fundamentally.Decisionmakers of Turkish foreign policy in the shadow of a pragmatic and multilateral foreignpolicy for achieving national, regional and international goals; have benefited different alternatives and positional orientations.This paper,focused onthetheoretical analysis of Turkish foreign policy during the administration of justice and development party, andhas attempted to analyze theliterature of Turkish foreign policy after the Cold War and offersthe AKP government leaders foreign policy decision-making model. Accordingly, this article with theuse ofqualitative research methods is seeking to answer this question that, how can analyze Turkishforeign policy in the framework of Poliheuristic decision-making model? Because the academic studies in this area have used less theoretical modeling and much more descriptive studies; present research, in order to answer the question, provided the modeling of AKP decision making based on Poliheuristic theory. Finally, Different alternativesof ruling party's foreign policy in various aspectsofeconomic, domestic politics, cultural and ideological, military and strategic, will be examined.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41993_9311ad2e1bb25d128e110548679cb4a7.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844451720151023Understanding Turkish New Foreign Policy in the Framework of Ahmet Davutoglu's StrategicDepthDoctrineUnderstanding Turkish New Foreign Policy in the Framework of Ahmet Davutoglu's StrategicDepthDoctrine16920041994FAFarhadDaneshniaFaculty member of Razi University of KermanshahDavoodNazarpoorMaster of International RelationsArmanSalimiMaster of Science in Political Science, Kharazmi UniversityJournal Article20160112The Turkish foreign policy has shown the paradoxical behavior in the regional and global crisis that has been ambiguous for the most thinkers. In fact, the new Turkish fluctuant foreign policy is a shift in the comparison whit the previous. This fluency in the Turkish foreign policy has been experienced whit a lot of regional and transregional actor like Iran, Syria, Iraq, Russia, EU and the U.S. The main question of this research is that, what is the foundations and principles of Ahmet Davutoglu's doctrine of strategic depth, as the main strategy of Justice and development party between 2002 by 2012 and what its effect on the advance of Turkish foreign policy goals? The findings of this research shows that the strategic depth doctrine try to expand the Turkish foreign policy perspective since Turkey transform to a high capability state whit a multidimensional interest and relation in the region and beyond that. In spite of its economic outcomes, but it leads to a paradoxical and conflicted behavior especially toward Middle East and Islam Word.The Turkish foreign policy has shown the paradoxical behavior in the regional and global crisis that has been ambiguous for the most thinkers. In fact, the new Turkish fluctuant foreign policy is a shift in the comparison whit the previous. This fluency in the Turkish foreign policy has been experienced whit a lot of regional and transregional actor like Iran, Syria, Iraq, Russia, EU and the U.S. The main question of this research is that, what is the foundations and principles of Ahmet Davutoglu's doctrine of strategic depth, as the main strategy of Justice and development party between 2002 by 2012 and what its effect on the advance of Turkish foreign policy goals? The findings of this research shows that the strategic depth doctrine try to expand the Turkish foreign policy perspective since Turkey transform to a high capability state whit a multidimensional interest and relation in the region and beyond that. In spite of its economic outcomes, but it leads to a paradoxical and conflicted behavior especially toward Middle East and Islam Word.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41994_cb808de40d0152728640f0ec8c386303.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844451720151023The Fifth Generation of China Leaders and the Silk Road Economic Belt InitiativeThe Fifth Generation of China Leaders and the Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative20122241995FASeyed MasoudMousavi ShafaeeFaculty Member Tarbiat Modarres University0000-0003-3882-5203Journal Article20160112China has been adopted a peaceful rise strategy in the past three decades to decrease concerns and sensitivities of other great powers in regards with China rise. But it seems that China since 2012, when Xi Jinping (as symbol/representative of the fifth generation of China leaders) took power, considers itself in such a level of capabilities, to play a much more active/dynamic role in regional and international affairs. The aim of this new active/dynamic China is getting more shares in strategic arenas, redefining itself in the context of Chinese dream, revival of its National Power and finally promoting international status of China as an established multidimensional (economic, cultural, political, strategic) great power. Based on this strategy China has started several economic ↔ strategic initiatives in regional and international levels, including: active contribution in BRICS, Establishing Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and BRICS bank, promoting role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and of course Silk Road Economic Belt or SREB (known as China Marshall Plan). This Article tries to show the economic↔ strategic root causes of SREB initiative, the political will of China's leaders to fulfillment the initiative and finally practical evaluation and explaining implications of the SREBChina has been adopted a peaceful rise strategy in the past three decades to decrease concerns and sensitivities of other great powers in regards with China rise. But it seems that China since 2012, when Xi Jinping (as symbol/representative of the fifth generation of China leaders) took power, considers itself in such a level of capabilities, to play a much more active/dynamic role in regional and international affairs. The aim of this new active/dynamic China is getting more shares in strategic arenas, redefining itself in the context of Chinese dream, revival of its National Power and finally promoting international status of China as an established multidimensional (economic, cultural, political, strategic) great power. Based on this strategy China has started several economic ↔ strategic initiatives in regional and international levels, including: active contribution in BRICS, Establishing Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and BRICS bank, promoting role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and of course Silk Road Economic Belt or SREB (known as China Marshall Plan). This Article tries to show the economic↔ strategic root causes of SREB initiative, the political will of China's leaders to fulfillment the initiative and finally practical evaluation and explaining implications of the SREBhttps://www.iisajournals.ir/article_41995_ec28805f3b725ff393c2b4a3f80c104d.pdf