The Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220Cultural Diplomacy and its Impact on Political and Economic Relations of Countries, a Case Study of Iran-Japan Relations in the Sanctions PeriodCultural Diplomacy and its Impact on Political and Economic Relations of Countries, a Case Study of Iran-Japan Relations in the Sanctions Period155069231FASeyadabbasAraghchiDeputy Minister of State for Political Affairs and Former Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran to JapanFaezehJanati MohebMaster of Diplomacy and International OrganizationsJournal Article20170413With the development of the international community and the emergence of a relative shift from materialism and central security to culture-based discourse, "culture" and "cultural relations" have become an important element in the foreign policy of countries. Accordingly, "cultural diplomacy" is considered to be one of the key foreign policy priorities of countries. The adoption of cultural diplomacy by the two governments of Iran and Japan and the pursuit of cultural activities to maintain and develop relations between them under the conditions of Iran's nuclear sanctions indicate the importance of cultural relations at a time when political and economic relations are failing. The two countries exchanged cultural exchanges under harsh sanctions, trying to close the negative space and keep communication channels open so that political, economic and economic ties could be restored to normal conditions when conditions were created.With the development of the international community and the emergence of a relative shift from materialism and central security to culture-based discourse, "culture" and "cultural relations" have become an important element in the foreign policy of countries. Accordingly, "cultural diplomacy" is considered to be one of the key foreign policy priorities of countries. The adoption of cultural diplomacy by the two governments of Iran and Japan and the pursuit of cultural activities to maintain and develop relations between them under the conditions of Iran's nuclear sanctions indicate the importance of cultural relations at a time when political and economic relations are failing. The two countries exchanged cultural exchanges under harsh sanctions, trying to close the negative space and keep communication channels open so that political, economic and economic ties could be restored to normal conditions when conditions were created.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_69231_76dda52a6a36ca2e766518b633ba70b7.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220Teleological Peace: An Anthropological and Ontological Comparison of the Theory of Peace in Islam and WestTeleological Peace: An Anthropological and Ontological Comparison of the Theory of Peace in Islam and West517869260FAAliAdamiAssociate Professor of International Relations, Allameh Tabatabai UniversityJournal Article20170515Considering the status of peace in the human life, different schools of thought and theories, while interpreting and explaining the concept of peace, have endeavored to depict its necessity and application on the basis of anthropology and ontology. Islam also as a divine and universal school of thought considers a teleological perspective on peace and takes it as an original and deep-rooted issue with a special perception of human and ontological understanding. While the Western Schools of thought by putting the originality of war or ultimately the power-based perspective which would eventually lead to the war, offer a different conception of anthropology and ontology of peace. This paper is an attempt to address the main questions as to how these principles are different with each other from Islamic and Western Perspectives? and which perception and idea of the creation and human are closer and more realistic to the real peace? so that the difference in the answer to the questions is more clear that the generality of the Western schools of thought with humanist and means-based perspective rather than teleological approach have theorized to the purpose of the power and its requirements. <br /> Considering the status of peace in the human life, different schools of thought and theories, while interpreting and explaining the concept of peace, have endeavored to depict its necessity and application on the basis of anthropology and ontology. Islam also as a divine and universal school of thought considers a teleological perspective on peace and takes it as an original and deep-rooted issue with a special perception of human and ontological understanding. While the Western Schools of thought by putting the originality of war or ultimately the power-based perspective which would eventually lead to the war, offer a different conception of anthropology and ontology of peace. This paper is an attempt to address the main questions as to how these principles are different with each other from Islamic and Western Perspectives? and which perception and idea of the creation and human are closer and more realistic to the real peace? so that the difference in the answer to the questions is more clear that the generality of the Western schools of thought with humanist and means-based perspective rather than teleological approach have theorized to the purpose of the power and its requirements. <br /> https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_69260_a4af1dbb56583c71618f178c789d007a.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220The right to exchange and repair goods under the 1980 International Convention on the Removal of Goods and Iranian LawThe right to exchange and repair goods under the 1980 International Convention on the Removal of Goods and Iranian Law7910469261FAMohammadrezaSherafat PeymaFaculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzali BranchJafarKameliPhD Student of Law, Islamic Azad University, Rasht BranchJournal Article20160915According to the provisions of the Convention of the International Sale of Goods, one of the commitments of vendor is that the vendor should sale a good to the customer based on the described quantity and quality which is expressed in the contract. In other words, the goods being sold should be delivered according to the contract (Article 35 of the convention), in case of not complying with the contract, based on the second paragraph of Article 46 of the convention, the customer will have the right of substitution, and based on the third paragraph, the customer will have the right of repair and amending the goods with considering some conditions. In Iran’s Law, although it is not explicitly referred to the rights troubleshooting, but by studying the provisions, it can be mentioned that according to Article 414 and 482 of civil law, the customer can return the defected goods to the vendor and demand the substitution for it. Since the customer have the right of demanding for substitution of the defected goods, therefore, the customer will have the right of troubleshooting, too.According to the provisions of the Convention of the International Sale of Goods, one of the commitments of vendor is that the vendor should sale a good to the customer based on the described quantity and quality which is expressed in the contract. In other words, the goods being sold should be delivered according to the contract (Article 35 of the convention), in case of not complying with the contract, based on the second paragraph of Article 46 of the convention, the customer will have the right of substitution, and based on the third paragraph, the customer will have the right of repair and amending the goods with considering some conditions. In Iran’s Law, although it is not explicitly referred to the rights troubleshooting, but by studying the provisions, it can be mentioned that according to Article 414 and 482 of civil law, the customer can return the defected goods to the vendor and demand the substitution for it. Since the customer have the right of demanding for substitution of the defected goods, therefore, the customer will have the right of troubleshooting, too.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_69261_5ea9714805ba78b144d1e7cb5751db22.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220Japan's Ontology of Peace and its Place in the Educational SystemJapan's Ontology of Peace and its Place in the Educational System10512269262FAHamidSalehiAssociate Professor of Political Science, Allameh Tabatabai UniversityJournal Article20170414Ontology in the wake of the existence of certain things. Every man according to the environment in which it is located, relative to its surrounding Myknd.shnakhty could arise where a person obtains from its surroundings is called ontology. From the perspective of theorists developed, is now addressing the issue of peace and peace is essentially a very complex task Vhayz-based education is important. economic, cultural, social and political causes has always been of interest to scholars and theorists circuiting transfer encompasses this article we seek fundamental changes in Japan, despite a history of tension and conflict in the evenings controversial past has puzzled. And how to benefit from these policies are adequate and have been able to achieve this status at the international level? used in other scientific-educational environmentOntology in the wake of the existence of certain things. Every man according to the environment in which it is located, relative to its surrounding Myknd.shnakhty could arise where a person obtains from its surroundings is called ontology. From the perspective of theorists developed, is now addressing the issue of peace and peace is essentially a very complex task Vhayz-based education is important. economic, cultural, social and political causes has always been of interest to scholars and theorists circuiting transfer encompasses this article we seek fundamental changes in Japan, despite a history of tension and conflict in the evenings controversial past has puzzled. And how to benefit from these policies are adequate and have been able to achieve this status at the international level? used in other scientific-educational environmenthttps://www.iisajournals.ir/article_69262_7c31984a2f5de5d6ce803f657f7f80d0.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220The Legal Pattern of Balance between territorial self-government and the indivisibility of nation in the thought of Spanish Constitutional Court (the case study of Catalan's independency)The Legal Pattern of Balance between territorial self-government and the indivisibility of nation in the thought of Spanish Constitutional Court (the case study of Catalan's independency)12315669263FAAhmadEtemadPhD student in Public Law, Kish International Campus, University of TehranHosseinRahmatolahiAssociate Professor, Department of Public Law, Farabi Campus, University of TehranJournal Article20170510The Spanish legal system, which is administered due to ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious differences with open decentralization system and in the form of a regional system giving autonomy to different 17th regions, can be considered as a large state whose decentralization does not have the same level of compound states. In opposite direction of maintenance regional decentralization, and freedom of local units, Spanish constitution did not disassociate the limitation of Spanish indivisibility as a red light. To guarantee and safeguard these principles, the role of central government institutions including Spanish Constitutional Court is more evident from all institutions at different times, especially in recent years when feeling of independency has reached its peak. Given the disputes occurred between central government and institutions of Catalan autonomous region, court essentially faces two important principles. One of these principles is constitutionalism that emphasizes the maintenance of constitutional sovereignty and its important principles including indivisibility of nation, and the other is self-determination right, contrary to its legal concept which expresses freedom of action and administrative of autonomous regions, has shown tendency toward secession in political concept. In the first place, the influence of court on political order arises from the role played by arbitration or judgment between central government and local autonomous units, and constitutional judgeattempts to reduce tensions and create necessary balance between autonomy of regions and integration of nation in such a way as to safeguard indivisibility and sovereignty of Spanish people and protect autonomy of regions.The Spanish legal system, which is administered due to ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious differences with open decentralization system and in the form of a regional system giving autonomy to different 17th regions, can be considered as a large state whose decentralization does not have the same level of compound states. In opposite direction of maintenance regional decentralization, and freedom of local units, Spanish constitution did not disassociate the limitation of Spanish indivisibility as a red light. To guarantee and safeguard these principles, the role of central government institutions including Spanish Constitutional Court is more evident from all institutions at different times, especially in recent years when feeling of independency has reached its peak. Given the disputes occurred between central government and institutions of Catalan autonomous region, court essentially faces two important principles. One of these principles is constitutionalism that emphasizes the maintenance of constitutional sovereignty and its important principles including indivisibility of nation, and the other is self-determination right, contrary to its legal concept which expresses freedom of action and administrative of autonomous regions, has shown tendency toward secession in political concept. In the first place, the influence of court on political order arises from the role played by arbitration or judgment between central government and local autonomous units, and constitutional judgeattempts to reduce tensions and create necessary balance between autonomy of regions and integration of nation in such a way as to safeguard indivisibility and sovereignty of Spanish people and protect autonomy of regions.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_69263_6cb3e79c3e7a6284b2bf0cd85bf1cd6a.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220The Role of Media Personnel Empowerment in Managing the International Ecological Crisis of the Caspian SeaThe Role of Media Personnel Empowerment in Managing the International Ecological Crisis of the Caspian Sea15717869264FAAsgharAlamtabrizAssistant Professor, Department of Management, Government Management Training Center, TehranAkbarAlamtabrizProfessor, Department of Management, Shahid Beheshti UniversityMohammadTaleghaniAssociate Professor, Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht BranchRezaSimbarProfessor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Guilan0000-0001-5111-1075YounesRanjkesh KisomiPh.D. in Human Resource Management, Department of Management, Index Research Institute, IsfahanJournal Article20170515The present age, known as the explosion of information and the flourishing of knowledge and the spread of mass media, is the birth of events and countless events. Empowering and empowering media personnel can be discussed with regard to the crucial responsibility that clarifies and highlight issues of importance. Environmental crises at the international level require comprehensive pressures to prioritize country work programs. Environmental changes and increasing global competition have put staff empowerment at the heart of the attention of managers. Due to the ability of organizations to adapt and adapt themselves to changing, empowered, committed, skilled and motivated employees, researchers in this article emphasized the role of empowerment of media personnel in managing international environmental crises Seeking to reduce the negative effects of environmental crises on the Caspian Sea. It seems that the media can play an important role by creating appropriate cultural and social platforms in the direction of awareness and sensitivities to this critical issue, and by providing specific solutions for both crisis prevention and In order to reduce the toll caused by these crises in the region through awareness-raising and through informing the authorities.The present age, known as the explosion of information and the flourishing of knowledge and the spread of mass media, is the birth of events and countless events. Empowering and empowering media personnel can be discussed with regard to the crucial responsibility that clarifies and highlight issues of importance. Environmental crises at the international level require comprehensive pressures to prioritize country work programs. Environmental changes and increasing global competition have put staff empowerment at the heart of the attention of managers. Due to the ability of organizations to adapt and adapt themselves to changing, empowered, committed, skilled and motivated employees, researchers in this article emphasized the role of empowerment of media personnel in managing international environmental crises Seeking to reduce the negative effects of environmental crises on the Caspian Sea. It seems that the media can play an important role by creating appropriate cultural and social platforms in the direction of awareness and sensitivities to this critical issue, and by providing specific solutions for both crisis prevention and In order to reduce the toll caused by these crises in the region through awareness-raising and through informing the authorities.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_69264_04b5b24438cb437db54eccf4c8ffdc64.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220Shiite and geopolitical influence of the Islamic Republic of IranShiite and geopolitical influence of the Islamic Republic of Iran17921080588FAAliKarimianAssistant Professor, Department of Education and Theology, University of GuilanJournal Article20181222Although in the years since the Renaissance, the world has witnessed a great deal of skepticism about the efficacy of religion in the scientific and practical field, and the inefficiency of religion in human life, particularly in social and political affairs, has been emphasized, but it seems The basis of the existing evidence for the empowerment of religion, especially that of the modern Shiite-dominated Islamic civilization, has many elements in the area of regional power, but also in global and international power in the form of software and hardware. One can depend on the survival of this emerging empowered identity, depending on the longevity of its life That is, Iran knew. According to this idea, securing the interests of the Muslim world depends on defending its territorial integrity, that is, Iran, and in order to do so, it is inevitable to confront the enemy at the borders of other countries in order to prevent its center being struck. The present study seeks to describe the essential role of Shiite global power in the present era and the necessity of taking care of it with a content analysis approach.Although in the years since the Renaissance, the world has witnessed a great deal of skepticism about the efficacy of religion in the scientific and practical field, and the inefficiency of religion in human life, particularly in social and political affairs, has been emphasized, but it seems The basis of the existing evidence for the empowerment of religion, especially that of the modern Shiite-dominated Islamic civilization, has many elements in the area of regional power, but also in global and international power in the form of software and hardware. One can depend on the survival of this emerging empowered identity, depending on the longevity of its life That is, Iran knew. According to this idea, securing the interests of the Muslim world depends on defending its territorial integrity, that is, Iran, and in order to do so, it is inevitable to confront the enemy at the borders of other countries in order to prevent its center being struck. The present study seeks to describe the essential role of Shiite global power in the present era and the necessity of taking care of it with a content analysis approach.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_80588_55f909c30e28f2ccfcf1a78a97a8e6fd.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220Quantum Politics: Applying Quantum Theory to Analyzing International Politics PhenomenaQuantum Politics: Applying Quantum Theory to Analyzing International Politics Phenomena19722182098FAMohammadMahomodikiaAssistant Professor of Imam Khomeini Research Institute and Islamic RevolutionJournal Article20190123Inspired by Theodore Becker's 1991 paper, and also because of the ineffectiveness of traditional and state-oriented international relations theories in explaining new issues such as the emergence of network policy, the increasing engagement of international actors in the global arena and the growth of phenomena such as terrorism, it is necessary to develop a new model of analysis to international politics, which seems the idea of quantum theory of international politics has a high degree of applicability in this area.This paper seeks to answer the question of what ontological and epistemological features of quantum policy exist and how it can be used to explain the phenomena of International Politics? Accordingly, it is claimed that due to the emergence of new actors in international politics that are distinct from the nature of traditional actors of international relations (Nation- States), we need a new model of analysis methodology to justify the logic of action of these categories of actors. Therefore, the particle and non-derivative of some of the new phenomena of international politics may lead to a kind of inaccuracy in the analysis of this type of international politics.Inspired by Theodore Becker's 1991 paper, and also because of the ineffectiveness of traditional and state-oriented international relations theories in explaining new issues such as the emergence of network policy, the increasing engagement of international actors in the global arena and the growth of phenomena such as terrorism, it is necessary to develop a new model of analysis to international politics, which seems the idea of quantum theory of international politics has a high degree of applicability in this area.This paper seeks to answer the question of what ontological and epistemological features of quantum policy exist and how it can be used to explain the phenomena of International Politics? Accordingly, it is claimed that due to the emergence of new actors in international politics that are distinct from the nature of traditional actors of international relations (Nation- States), we need a new model of analysis methodology to justify the logic of action of these categories of actors. Therefore, the particle and non-derivative of some of the new phenomena of international politics may lead to a kind of inaccuracy in the analysis of this type of international politics.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_82098_7f5c3cde82e3fb65acb1d9720ea9a81f.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220Learning Policymakers According to International ExperienceLearning Policymakers According to International Experience22324282101FASuroushAmiriAssistant Professor and member of the faculty of the University of PoliceJournal Article20190124The objective is to: International factors affect the adoption of domestic policy and the learning of politicians in two ways: a) the channel of policy or policy transfer; and b) policy acceptance. Therefore, the main objective of the paper is to identify international influences on policymaking and policy formation. Therefore, in the first step, a set of components and indicators for policy formulation, taking into account the dissemination methods of transfer and learning, should be recognized based on the literature of research, background and experiences of other countries. Method: In the next step, the most important elements identified are based on the viewpoint of professors and experts in the field of executive management and through the Delphi technique during three rounds. The Delphi panel in the research is 21 professors of executive management experience. Element clustering has been used for confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data obtained from VB coding in an Excel environment. The measurement model was also evaluated using the least squares and the Smart PLS software. Findings: The result of the research shows that the indicators that were screened using Delphi technique and partial least squares technique correctly determine the components and policy makers should consider the appropriate policy channel and its effective factors in accepting it at times Different ways to learn from the experiences of other countries in policy making.The objective is to: International factors affect the adoption of domestic policy and the learning of politicians in two ways: a) the channel of policy or policy transfer; and b) policy acceptance. Therefore, the main objective of the paper is to identify international influences on policymaking and policy formation. Therefore, in the first step, a set of components and indicators for policy formulation, taking into account the dissemination methods of transfer and learning, should be recognized based on the literature of research, background and experiences of other countries. Method: In the next step, the most important elements identified are based on the viewpoint of professors and experts in the field of executive management and through the Delphi technique during three rounds. The Delphi panel in the research is 21 professors of executive management experience. Element clustering has been used for confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data obtained from VB coding in an Excel environment. The measurement model was also evaluated using the least squares and the Smart PLS software. Findings: The result of the research shows that the indicators that were screened using Delphi technique and partial least squares technique correctly determine the components and policy makers should consider the appropriate policy channel and its effective factors in accepting it at times Different ways to learn from the experiences of other countries in policy making.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_82101_0955b5c20301891c4162e9efd26679d3.pdfThe Iranian Association of International StudiesInternational Relations Researches2251-844472620180220The Nature and Function of Representing in International and Iranian Business ContractsThe Nature and Function of Representing in International and Iranian Business Contracts24327082957FAAhmadHeydariPhD Student of Law, Islamic Azad University of ShirazHojatollahAskariFaculty member of Islamic Azad University of ShirazJournal Article20190224According to authorities that principal assign to the agent. The agent doing some legal actions for him. Actions that agent done for principal called” Doing agency”. Doing agency: first, create The legal relationship between principal and third party or between agent and third party, second: Terminate the internal relationship (Between principal and agent) and the agent become outside of agency theory, If in some cases the agent remain responsible to the third party for the performance of contractual obligations is under the creation legal relationship between agent and third party not internal relationship. anyway, the result of agent auctions are termination of authorities and creation of legal relationship between principal and third party. Now, It is important to know the legal nature and function of Doing agency. Via this paper was tried to identify the legal nature and function of doing agency in Iranian Regulation comper with PICC&PECL. Through comparison of international legal system, we show similarities and differences, then we offer essential suggestion to harmonization with PICC&PECL which primarily involve LEX MER CATORIA.According to authorities that principal assign to the agent. The agent doing some legal actions for him. Actions that agent done for principal called” Doing agency”. Doing agency: first, create The legal relationship between principal and third party or between agent and third party, second: Terminate the internal relationship (Between principal and agent) and the agent become outside of agency theory, If in some cases the agent remain responsible to the third party for the performance of contractual obligations is under the creation legal relationship between agent and third party not internal relationship. anyway, the result of agent auctions are termination of authorities and creation of legal relationship between principal and third party. Now, It is important to know the legal nature and function of Doing agency. Via this paper was tried to identify the legal nature and function of doing agency in Iranian Regulation comper with PICC&PECL. Through comparison of international legal system, we show similarities and differences, then we offer essential suggestion to harmonization with PICC&PECL which primarily involve LEX MER CATORIA.https://www.iisajournals.ir/article_82957_53ed4154f01413536baa8e666a70ce2c.pdf