نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه گیلان
2 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل دانشگاه گیلان
چکیده
رابطه ایران با کشورهای آمریکای لاتین اگر چه تاریخی نسبتاً طولانی دارد، اما به دلایل سیاسی، اقتصادی و ژئوپلیتیک در مجموع محدود بوده و جز در برهههای زمانی گذرا و تنها با معدودی از کشورها، شکوفایی وگستردگی را به همراه نداشته است. با این حال، از سال 2005 و با پیروزی محمود احمدینژاد در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری ایران و مقارن این تاریخ، پیروزی چپگرایی جدید در تعدادی از کشورهای این منطقه به ویژه در ونزوئلا، دورهای از گسترش روابط سیاسی بین ایران و این کشورها رقم خورد. این نوشتار درصدد است از منظری سازهانگارانه به واکاوی و شناسایی دلایل این گسترش روابط بپردازد. بر اساس این رویکرد، درک متقابل از هویت مشترک و محورهایی چون ضدیت با نظام سلطه، نفی کاپیتالیسم و امپریالیسم، زمینههای استعماری و جهان سومگرایی عناصر مشترک هویتی بودهاند که این کشورها را به سمت ارتقاء روابط دو جانبه و همکاریهای گسترده دست کم در حوزههای سیاسی سوق دادهاند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Constructivist Perspective on Islamic Republic of Iran’s Relations with Latin America: The Case Study of Venezuela
نویسندگان [English]
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Guilan
2 PhD student in International Relations, University of Guilan
چکیده [English]
Although, Iran’s relations with Latin America has a relatively long history, yet due to the economic, political and geopolitical reasons were generally limited and have not enjoyed the prosperity and expansion, except a few transitional phases and that also with a few countries. However, a period of the expansion of political relations between I.R. of Iran and these countries commenced since 2005 with the victory of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the presidential election and the rise of new radical leftism in some of these countries particularly Venezuela. This paper seeks to examine and identify the reasons for this expansion of relations through a Constructivist perspective. On the basis of this perspective, the issues like mutual understanding of common identity and central ideas such as opposition to the domination system, negation of Imperialism and Capitalism, colonial backgrounds and Third-Worldism have been the elements of common identity which have driven these countries to promote bilateral relations and wider cooperation, at least in the political spheres
کلیدواژهها [English]
Dobbins,James,After the Taliban: Nation Building in Afghanistan, (Dulles, VA: Potomac Books 2008).
Dodson, Michael and Manochehr Dorraj, "Populism and Foreign Policy in Venezuela and Iran", The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, Winter/Spring 2008.
Hafezi, Parisa, "Iran,Venezuela Axis of Unity,against U.S".Reuters,July,2007.
Hunter,Shireen.T, Iran's Foreign Policy in the post-Soviet Era :Resisting the New International Order, (santa BarBara, CA: praeger, 2010).
Hunter, ShireenT. Iran and the World: Continuity in a Revolationary Decade (Bloomington: Indiana university, 1990).
Farahi,Farideh,"Iran in latin America: Threat or Axis of Annoyance?",Woodrow Wilson International center for scholars, Washington,D.C.,Julay 10, 2008.
Feith, Douglas, "under secretary of defense for policy", in his book, war and Decision: Inside the Pentagon at the Dawn of the War on Terrorism (New York: Harper, 2008).
Lotfian, Saideh,"The New Role of Latin America in Irans Foreign policy", ITANIAN REVEW of Foreign Affairs,vol.1,no.3.fall 2010.
Reus-smit,Christian, "Constructivism" in Scott Burchill and Anddrew Linklater,theories of international relations,London: Macmillan.2001.
Wendt,Alexander, Social Theory of international politics,(New York:Cambridge University press,1999).
Zeraoui, Zidane and Ignacio Klich, Iran, Los retos de la republica islamica ( Buenos Aries: siglo XXI Editora Iberoamer Cana, 2011.
سایتها
Diplomatic Relations Mexico – Iran, accessedon August 2, 2011, htt://emloamex.sre.gob.mx/iran/index.php? option=com_content
Dorraj, Manochehr , Michael Dodson , "Neo-Populism in Comparative Perspective: Iran and Venezuela", available in:
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cst/summary/v029/29.1.dorraj.html.
Stephen, johnson, "Iran's In Fluence in the Americas" a Report of the CSIS Americas Program, March 2012. available at: http//www. CSIS.org..
Cuban Policy in the Middle East: Acuba-Iran Axis ?, Couba transition prodect, Institue for cufan and cuban-Amierican, Yniversity of miami, available at: http://www.cartadecuba.org/cuba-iran-axis.htm.
Cuban Policy in the Middle East: Cuba in the Middle East since the End of the Cold War, Cuba Transition Project, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, University of Miami, http://www.cartadecuba.org/ cubamiddleast.htm
Gareth Poter, "Argentina's Iranian Nuke Connection," Aisa Times, November 15, 2006, http//www. Asiatimes.com/atimes/Middle-Eest/HK15AK03.html.
A National Security Strategy for a New Century, The White House, October 1998, http//www.fas.org/man/docs/nssr-98.pdf.
Ewen MacAskill and Chris McGreal, "Israel Should be Wiped off map, says Iran's president." Guardian (UK), October 27, 2005, http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/oct/27/israel.iran.
See "KKK's David Duke Tells Iran Holocaust Conferenec That Gas Chambers Not Used to Kill Jews," Fox News, December13,2006,http//www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,236014,00.html.
Rory Carroll, "Brazilian protests greet Ahmadinejad at start of South American tour," Guardian (UK), November 23, 2009, http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/23/ahmadinejad-brazil-protests-iran.
President Ahmadinejad in South America, Uskowi on Iran, November 26, 2009, http//www.us-kowioniran.com/2009/11/president-ahmadinejad-in-south-america.html.
Robert Tait, "It's the Economy, Mr. Ahmadinejad," Guardian (UK), September19,2007, http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/sep/19/iran.roberttait.
Iran aggressively pursues these weapons and exports terror, while an unelected few repress the Iranian people's hope for freedom.... States like these, and their terrorist allies, http//edition.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/01/29/bush.sppeech.speech.txt.
http://www.nasimonline.ir/TextVersion/Detail/?Id=314459&Serv=9
http://pe.rian.ru/foreign/internatinal/20120112/129898779.html.
ضیائی، محمدعلی،«تاریخ روابط دیپلماتیک ایران و آمریکای لاتین»، قابل دسترسی در وب سایت:
http://hamshahrionline.ir/details/12633
احمدیلفورکی،بهزاد،«فرصتهای ایرانی در آمریکای لاتین» قابل دسترسی در وب سایت:
http://www.asnoor.ir/public/Articles/ViewArticles.aspx?Code=177159
خواجوئی،محمد، «ایران و آمریکای لاتین؛گسترش محور جنوب- جنوب»،قابل دسترسی در وب سایت:
http://hamshahrionline.ir/details/11947
مجتهدزاده،پیروز، قابل دسترسی در وب سایت:
Htt://www.aftabir.com/news/view/2008/doc/o1
سیف،احمد،«اقتصاد سیاسی ایران معاصر؛دفتر دوم«اقتصاد آقای احمدینژاد»، قابل دریافت در وب سایت:
htt://www.ketabnak.com/comment.phf?dlid-28529.
http://www.cartadecuba.org/cuba-iran-axis.htm
http//www.fas.org/man/docs/nssr-98.pdf
http://www.iraneconomist.com/fa/news/
http//www. Asiatimes.com/atimes/Middle-Eest/HK15AK03.html
http//edition.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/01/29/bush.sppeech.speech.txt.
htt://emloamex.sre.gob.mx/iran/index.php?
http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/oct/27/israel.iran