International Relations Researches

International Relations Researches

AI Development Goals During Xi Jinping's Era (2013-2024)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Department of Political Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan
10.22034/irr.2025.531781.2718
Abstract
The emergence of artificial intelligence as a transformative technology is transforming the foundations of power, governance, and geopolitical competition in the contemporary international order. In this context, the People's Republic of China, especially under Xi Jinping's leadership, has adopted a hybrid and structured approach, making AI a key tool in advancing its multi-layered geostrategic goals. By combining the two theoretical frameworks of neoclassical realism and network theory, the present study seeks to analyze how the Xi Jinping government uses the purposeful development of AI to rearrange its position in the global order. The provisional hypothesis of this study, which is based on the qualitative content analysis method, shows that China's goals for the development of AI can be formulated at two levels: short-term and long-term. In the short term, China seeks to increase its digital governance capacity, enhance its soft power, develop technology diplomacy, and weaken its strategic dependence on the West by 2035. In the long term, it pursues broader goals such as structural balancing against US hegemony, shaping a multipolar order based on technological platforms, and consolidating its hegemonic role in the global geotechnological architecture by 2050. Data collection in this study is based on online and library sources. The findings show that the Chinese government, by utilizing a network of technology, infrastructure investment, digital institution-building, and the production of international standards, seeks to redefine the existing order in favor of its governance model. Thus, artificial intelligence is not just a technology,
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