پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

تاثیر استخراج ارزهای دیجیتالی بر محیط زیست از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین الملل عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه حقوق، واحد دماوند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
حقوق بین‌الملل یکی از عرصه‌هایی است که همواره دغدغه و نگرانی حقوقی نسبت به یک پدیده، با تاخیر، مورد توجه واقع می‌گردد.در دنیای کنونی، سرعت فناوری و پیشرفت علمی چنان شتابی دارد که حتی حوزه‌های فناورانه در برخی مواقع شگفت زده می‌شوند،حال در چنین دنیای دائماً در حال تغییر و پیشرفت،می طلبد که نظام حقوقی بین‌الملل به ویژه حقوق بین‌الملل محیط زیست از چابکی بیشتری برخوردار باشد.یکی از این حوزه‌ها که نیازمند توجه فوری است،فناوری بلاکچین و رمزارزهایی است که استخراج هر واحد از آن(به‌عنوان نمونه بیت کوین)باعث انتشار میزان قابل توجهی گازهای گلخانه‌ای می‌شود و مصرف انرژی بسیار زیادی را به همراه دارد. حقوق بین‌الملل، اسناد مختلفی در زمینه کنترل انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای دارد، اما مسئله اصلی این است که آیا رژیم حقوقی فعلی، می‌تواند نسبت به استخراج رمزارزها نیز اعمال گردد؟مقاله حاضر سعی در یافتن پاسخ مناسب به این پرسش است که ابتدا سعی دارد با برجسته کردن میزان اثرات مخرب استخراج رمزارزها از منظر بین الملل، توجه همگان را به این موضوع معطوف نماید؛سپس اصول و قواعد زیست محیطی موجود را در گسترۀ مقالۀ حاضر بررسی نماید. این پژوهش به شیوۀ توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام گرفته و یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می دهد که استخراج ارزهای دیجیتالی در کنار منافع مالی که برای استخراج کننده ها به همراه دارد، از نظر زیست‌محیطی دارای آثار مخربی به جهت انتشار مقدار زیادی از گازهای گلخانه‌ای می‌باشد. لذا کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل سازمان ملل می‌بایست،با مطالعه ابعاد مخرب چنین فناوری‌هایی، اقدامات لازم جهت تنظیم آنها در چارچوب قواعد حقوق بین‌الملل محیط زیست صورت دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The impact of digital currency mining on the environment from the perspective of international law

نویسندگان English

Jamile Sadat Mousavi 1
Maryam Afshari 2
Mohammad Reza Alipour 3
1 Doctoral student of Public International Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Member of Faculty of Law Department, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

International law is one of the fields where legal concerns and concerns about a phenomenon are always taken into consideration with a delay.In today's world, the speed of technology and scientific progress is so fast that even the technological fields are sometimes surprised. Now, in such a constantly changing and developing world, the international legal system, especially international environmental law, needs to be more agile.be One of these areas that requires immediate attention is blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies, the extraction of each unit of which (for example, Bitcoin) causes the release of a significant amount of greenhouse gases and consumes alotof energy.International law has various documents in the field of controlling greenhouse gas emissions, but the main issue is whether the current legal regime can be applied to the mining of cryptocurrencies.The present article tries tofind a suitable answer to this question, which first tries todraw everyone's attention to this issue by highlighting the destructive effects of cryptocurrency mining from an international perspective;Then examine the existing environmental principles and rules within the scope ofthis article.This research was carried outin a descriptive-analytical way and the findings of the research show that the mining of digital currencies, along with the financial benefits it brings forthe miners, has destructive effects from the environmental point ofview due tothe release ofa large amount of Itis a greenhouse gas.Therefore, the United Nations International Law Commission should, by studying the destructive aspects of such technologies, take necessary measures toregulate them within the framework of international environmental law

کلیدواژه‌ها English

cryptocurrencies
mining
international environment
international law
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