پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

کاوش سیاست فشار حداکثری: راهبرد دونالد ترامپ در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران (2021-2017)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل، واحد شاهرود ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، شاهرود، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران.
10.22034/irr.2025.539170.2744
چکیده
این مقاله با رویکردی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی به بررسی سیاست خارجی دولت دونالد ترامپ در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران می‌پردازد. پرسش اصلی پژوهش آن است که سیاست دولت ترامپ چگونه طراحی و اجرا شد، چه اهداف راهبردی و ژئوپلیتیکی را دنبال می‌کرد و چه پیامدهایی در سطوح داخلی، منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی به همراه داشت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که سیاست ترامپ از ابتدای حضور در کاخ سفید بر پایه راهبرد عقب‌راندن و کارزار «فشار حداکثری طراحی شد؛ راهبردی که خروج از توافق هسته‌ای برجام در سال ۲۰۱۸ نقطه عطف آن بود. ابزارهای اصلی این سیاست شامل تحریم‌های اقتصادی گسترده، فشارهای دیپلماتیک و حقوقی، جنگ رسانه‌ای و عملیات روانی، و همچنین بهره‌گیری از هم‌پیمانان منطقه‌ای آمریکا در غرب آسیا بود. با وجود شدت فشارها، ایالات متحده در ایجاد اجماع بین‌المللی کامل علیه ایران ناکام ماند و مخالفت قدرت‌هایی چون روسیه و چین و نیز مواضع محتاطانه برخی متحدان اروپایی محدودیت‌های جدی برای سیاست ترامپ ایجاد کرد. در نهایت، اگرچه این سیاست موجب افزایش فشارهای اقتصادی و سیاسی بر جمهوری اسلامی شد، اما در دستیابی به اهدافی چون تغییر رفتار ایران، کاهش نفوذ منطقه‌ای یا ایجاد تغییرات داخلی موفقیت تعیین‌کننده‌ای نداشت. میراث سیاست ترامپ، با این حال، همچنان بر روابط تهران ـ واشنگتن و معادلات امنیتی منطقه غرب آسیا اثرگذار است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Unpacking the Maximum Pressure: Donald Trump’s Strategy toward the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2017–2021

نویسندگان English

nasir jinoor 1
amir hooshang mirkoosh 2
Ehsan Razani 2
1 PhD student in International Relations, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
چکیده English

This article adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the foreign policy of the Trump administration toward the Islamic Republic of Iran during its first term. The main research question addresses how the administration’s policy was designed and implemented, which strategic and geopolitical objectives it pursued, and what consequences it produced at domestic, regional, and international levels. Findings indicate that Trump’s policy was based on the "rollback" strategy and the "maximum pressure" campaign, with the 2018 withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) marking a pivotal moment. The main instruments included broad economic sanctions, diplomatic and legal pressures, information and psychological operations, and the mobilization of U.S. regional allies in West Asia. Despite intense pressures, the United States failed to build a comprehensive international consensus against Iran, facing resistance from major powers such as Russia and China, as well as cautious stances from some European allies. Ultimately, while these policies increased economic and political pressure on Iran, they did not achieve decisive success in altering Iranian behavior, reducing its regional influence, or inducing internal political changes. Nevertheless, the legacy of Trump’s policy continues to shape Tehran–Washington relations and regional security dynamics in West Asia.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Donald Trump
maximum pressure policy
pushback strategy
Islamic Republic of Iran
JCPOA
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