پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

کارکردها و آثار گفتمانی احزاب در نهادسازی سیاسی با تاکید بر نظریه گفتمان فرکلاف: بررسی دولت‌های خاتمی و احمدی نژاد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 1. دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم سیاسی – جامعه‌شناسی سیاسی، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات فارس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فارس، ایران 2. دانشجوی دکتری
2 دانشیار گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
3 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
10.22034/irr.2025.551287.2779
چکیده
نقش گفتمان‌های احزاب سیاسی در نهادسازی سیاسی، از عوامل کلیدی در توسعه سیاسی ایران است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی کارکردها و آثار گفتمانی احزاب اصلاح‌طلب و اصول‌گرا در نهادسازی سیاسی در دوره‌های خاتمی (1376-1384) و احمدی‌نژاد (1384-1392) با تأکید بر نظریه گفتمان انتقادی فرکلاف انجام شده است. روش تحقیق مبتنی بر تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی فرکلاف است که در سه سطح متن (ویژگی‌های زبانی)، تعامل (فرآیند تولید و تفسیر متون)، و زمینه (بسترهای اجتماعی و سیاسی) به تحلیل گفتمان‌های حزبی می‌پردازد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که احزاب اصلاح‌طلب در دوره خاتمی با ترویج گفتمان دموکراتیک و تأکید بر مفاهیمی چون مشارکت مدنی و کثرت‌گرایی، نهادهای مدنی مانند شوراهای شهر و سازمان‌های مردم‌نهاد را تقویت کردند، اما در دوره احمدی‌نژاد به دلیل محدودیت‌های قانونی تضعیف شدند. در مقابل، احزاب اصول‌گرا در دوره احمدی‌نژاد با تمرکز بر گفتمان انقلابی و ارزش‌محور، نهادهای حکومتی مانند بسیج و شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی را تقویت نمودند. این تفاوت‌ها ریشه در اهداف سیاسی، پایگاه‌های اجتماعی، و فرهنگ سیاسی متفاوت دو دوره دارد. نتیجه‌گیری پژوهش حاکی از آن است که گفتمان‌های حزبی از طریق بازتولید یا تغییر هویت‌های سیاسی و روابط قدرت، به نهادسازی سیاسی کمک می‌کنند، اما موفقیت آن‌ها به شدت وابسته به بسترهای اجتماعی، سیاسی، و حمایت‌های ساختاری است. این تحلیل نشان‌دهنده نقش محوری گفتمان‌ها در شکل‌دهی به ساختارهای نهادی و توسعه سیاسی ایران است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The functions and discursive effects of parties in political institution-building with emphasis on Fairclough's discourse theory: A study of the Khatami and Ahmadinejad governments

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Karim Darabi 1
Keramat ollah Rasekh 2
Alireza Biabannavard Sarvestani 3
1 1. PhD student, Department of Political Science - Political Sociology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran 2. PhD student, Department of Political Science - Political Sociology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad Universit
2 Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده English

The role of political party discourses in political institutionalization is a key factor in Iran's political development. This study aims to examine the functions and impacts of the discourses of reformist and principlist parties on political institutionalization during the Khatami (1997-2005) and Ahmadinejad (2005-2013) administrations, with an emphasis on Fairclough's critical discourse analysis theory. The research method is based on Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, which examines party discourses at three levels: text (linguistic features), interaction (processes of text production and interpretation), and context (social and political settings). The findings indicate that reformist parties during Khatami's era, by promoting democratic discourse and emphasizing concepts such as civic participation and pluralism, strengthened civil institutions like city councils and non-governmental organizations, but were weakened during Ahmadinejad's era due to legal restrictions. Conversely, principlist parties during Ahmadinejad's era, focusing on revolutionary and value-oriented discourse, reinforced governmental institutions such as the Basij and the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. These differences stem from the distinct political objectives, social bases, and political cultures of the two periods. The study concludes that party discourses contribute to political institutionalization by reproducing or transforming political identities and power relations, but their success is highly dependent on social, political, and structural support. This analysis highlights the pivotal role of discourses in shaping institutional structures and Iran's political development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Party Discourse
Political Institutionalization
Fairclough's Discourse Analysis
Reformists
Principlists
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