پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

پژوهش های روابط بین الملل

تحول میلیتاریسم در سیاست خارجی ایالات متحده و پیامدهای آن برای نظم امنیتی غرب آسیا (۲۰۰۱-۲۰۲۵)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
کیوان پور اسلامی
ابراهیم انوشه
خسرو وفایی سعدی
گروه روابط بین الملل، واحد رفسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رفسنجان، ایران.
10.22034/irr.2026.591990.2879
چکیده
این مقاله به واکاوی تحول میلیتاریسم در سیاست خارجی ایالات متحده در منطقه غرب آسیا، از یازده سپتامبر ۲۰۰۱ تا سال ۲۰۲۵، می‌پردازد. پرسش اصلی آن است که میلیتاریسم چگونه از رهگذر دوره‌های مختلف ریاست‌جمهوری، به‌عنوان چارچوبی مسلط، راهبردها و ابزارهای سیاست خارجی واشنگتن را شکل داده و چه پیامدهایی برای نظم امنیتی منطقه در پی داشته است. با بهره‌گیری از نظریه واقع‌گرایی ساختاری و مفاهیمی چون هژمونی، موازنه قدرت و گسترش بیش از حد امپراتوری، این پژوهش با روش تحلیل تاریخی-تطبیقی و ردگیری فرایند، چهار دوره ریاست‌جمهوری (بوش، اوباما، ترامپ، بایدن) و آغاز دوره دوم ترامپ را بررسی می‌کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که پس از یازده سپتامبر، میلیتاریسم تهاجمی به اوج رسید و مداخلات گسترده در افغانستان و عراق را رقم زد. از دوران اوباما به بعد، این میلیتاریسم به‌تدریج از مداخله مستقیم و اشغالگری به سوی «قدرت ترکیبی» مبتنی بر جنگ‌های نیابتی، تحریم‌های راهبردی، فروش تسلیحات و عملیات‌های پنهان چرخش یافت، اما همچنان هسته سخت سیاست خارجی باقی ماند. هم‌زمان، رقابت با چین و روسیه موجب بازتوزیع منابع نظامی و کاهش نسبی اولویت غرب آسیا شد. مقاله نتیجه می‌گیرد که با وجود دستاوردهای تاکتیکی مانند حذف موقت برخی رهبران تروریستی و مهار نسبی ایران، میلیتاریسم در تحقق اهداف استراتژیک بلندمدت خود، یعنی ایجاد ثبات پایدار، تحکیم هژمونی آمریکا و مهار کامل نفوذ منطقه‌ای تهران، ناکام مانده و با دامن‌زدن به بی‌ثباتی، رقابت‌های تسلیحاتی و بحران‌های انسانی، به فرسایش قدرت و اعتبار جهانی ایالات متحده انجامیده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
میلیتاریسم
سیاست خارجی آمریکا
غرب آسیا
واقع‌گرایی ساختاری
یازده سپتامبر

عنوان مقاله English

The Evolution of Militarism in US Foreign Policy and Its Implications for the West Asian Security Order (2001-2025)

نویسندگان English

keivan poureslami
ebrahim anoosheh
khosro vafaei saadi
Department of International Relations, Raf.C.,Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran.
چکیده English

This article examines the evolution of militarism in US foreign policy in the West Asia region from September 11, 2001 to 2025. The main question is how militarism, as a dominant framework, has shaped Washington’s foreign policy strategies and instruments through different presidential terms and what consequences it has had for the regional security order. Using the theory of structural realism and concepts such as hegemony, balance of power, and imperial overextension, this study examines four presidential terms (Bush, Obama, Trump, Biden) and the beginning of Trump’s second term using a historical-comparative analysis and process tracing method. The findings show that after September 11, aggressive militarism reached its peak and led to extensive interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq. Since the Obama era, this militarism has gradually shifted from direct intervention and occupation to a “hybrid power” based on proxy wars, strategic sanctions, arms sales, and covert operations, but it has remained the hard core of foreign policy. At the same time, competition with China and Russia has led to a redistribution of military resources and a relative reduction in the priority of West Asia. The article concludes that despite tactical achievements such as the temporary elimination of some terrorist leaders and the relative containment of Iran, militarism has failed to achieve its long-term strategic goals of creating lasting stability, consolidating American hegemony, and fully containing Tehran’s regional influence, and has led to the erosion of the United States’ global power and credibility by fueling instability, arms races, and humanitarian crises.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Militarism
US foreign policy
West Asia
structural realism
9/11
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