The present article examines the war imposed by the United States and Israeli regime against the Islamic Republic of Iran (the Ramadan War) within the framework of Structuralism and Constructivism. The central research question is how international structures and identity constructions simultaneously play a role in the formation and continuation of this war. From a structuralist perspective, by emphasizing the role of macro-structures of the international system, patterns of power distribution, and the positions of actors within these structures, it is shown how structural constraints and opportunities shape the behavioral and security orientations of both sides. From a constructivist perspective, the focus is on processes of identity construction, threat perception, and discursive representations through which security meanings are produced and reproduced. The findings suggest that the confrontation between the two sides results from a complex interaction between structural imperatives and subjective-discursive constructions; in a way that the structures of the international system provide the context for action, while identities and discourses give meaning and direction to these actions. Accordingly, understanding and explaining this conflict requires an integrative approach that simultaneously considers both structural and semantic levels. The main innovation of this article lies in proposing and applying an integrated “Structure–Construct” model for analyzing preemptive wars. The model seeks to move beyond the dichotomy between material and ideational explanations by demonstrating how changes in the distribution of power create structural opportunities and constraints for preemptive action, while identities, threat perceptions, and discursive constructions transform these structural conditions into political and military decisions. Thus, the article goes beyond merely combining Structuralism and Constructivism and establishes an analytical relationship among structural change, threat construction, deterrence erosion, and the decision to initiate preemptive war.